Agriculture Finance Articles
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New market channels for a non-food agricultural product. The development of an alternative supply chain for the bergamot citrus in Calabria, Italy
The bergamot, a typical fruit of the Italian region of Calabria, contains an essence that is a basic component for the perfume industry. In the last decades bergamot sector declined dramatically, because of the introduction of an artificial substitute of the essence and for the producers' fragmentation. After describing the evolution of the industry and of the supply-chain structure, the paper ...
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Values of organic producers converting at different times: results of a focus group study in five European countries
This paper presents the results of a focus group study of the values of organic producers entering the sector at different times in Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, the UK and Switzerland. As well as expressing values widely associated with organic farming, such as food quality, health and environmental protection, they also mentioned professional challenge, fairness in the food chain, and ...
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What makes organic agriculture move: protest, meaning or market? A polyocular approach to the dynamics and governance of organic agriculture
Many different actors have hopes and aspirations for the future of organic agriculture. They have different perspectives on organic agriculture with different understandings of what it is and what makes it move. Each perspective entails a certain understanding of organic agriculture featuring certain concepts and values and a particular logic or rationality. It is important to acknowledge this ...
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A test of agricultural labour market efficiency in the Gezira scheme, Sudan: a production function approach
This study is concerned with testing the efficiency of the rural labour market in the Gezira scheme. One hundred and fifty respondents were randomly selected through a field survey during the 2003?2004 season. A Cobb-Douglas production function was fitted to the data. The results indicated that labour markets in Gezira do not behave as predicted by the neoclassical theory. Labour allocations are ...
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Building reservation economies: Cattle, American Indians and the American West
Removal to reservations involved American Indians in changing economies and federal 'civilisation' programs that were fueled by beef cattle, breeding cattle, working cattle (oxen) and dairy cattle. As 19th century reservations expanded, Native Americans negotiated the bovine economies as consumers, labourers, producers, retailers and marketers. Cattle, working oxen and dairy cows were intended to ...
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Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry: March towards getting Greener
AbstractA major concern to the growth and development of fertilizer manufacturing industries all over the world is on the environmental front. Serious efforts are underway to make fertiliser technologies most environment friendly and sustainable with the help of research and development initiatives in technology as well as management of facilities. Technology plays a key role in improving the ...
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In search of solvency: changing agricultural governance in an ethnic minority autonomous region of southwest China
During the last quarter century, China's agricultural sector has undergone a dramatic transformation from collective to private production, resulting in marked improvements in quality of life for most rural citizens. However, economic development in the countryside has been highly uneven, particularly in China's southwestern region, with its arid land, rugged topography and high concentration of ...
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Cold Turkey? Dealing with agricultural trade liberalisation
Turkey has a particular interest in the WTO agricultural negotiations in view of its significant agricultural sector. This paper undertakes a quantitative analysis of trade liberalisation and its impact on Turkish agriculture. We use UNCTAD's Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model (ATPSM). A likely scenario suggests that Turkey may face higher import bills as world prices for cereals are ...
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The challenge of integrating EU and Turkish agricultural markets and policies
This paper addresses the potential consequences of a political and economic integration of EU and Turkish agriculture and evaluates the resulting challenges. Simulation models reveal declining agricultural prices for Turkey in the case of market integration with the EU. This would lead to less production, more consumption and Turkey becoming a net importer of agricultural products. Resulting ...
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International trade as a source of economic growth: trade barriers and institutions
Trade barriers, erected by advanced countries to the agricultural exports from poor countries, are a greater barrier to economic growth and development than is commonly recognised. It is shown that agricultural policies in advanced countries are a major barrier to agricultural exports from poor countries, and particularly so for countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The major effect on growth is ...
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A dynamic analysis of nonpoint pollution control instruments in agriculture
Nonpoint pollution from agriculture is an emerging issue in the environmental policy of the European Union. Dynamic optimisation techniques are important in nonpoint pollution, and neglect of dynamic aspects may seriously mislead the proper design of policy measures. This paper presents an empirical assessment of nitrogen pollution abatement in the Ebro basin of northeastern Spain. The aim is to ...
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Innovation, agricultural growth and poverty reduction
There is increasing agreement that agricultural growth matters for poverty reduction and has a significance extending well beyond the agriculture sector. Examples of successful research and innovation support by DFID show the central role of science and research in technological innovation. Technology cannot be viewed in isolation from innovation in policies and institutions. These provide ...
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A decade of debate over non-trade concerns and agricultural trade liberalisation: convergences, remaining conflicts and a way forward
The debate over non-trade concerns (NTC) and trade liberalisation for the past decade is reviewed and convergences and remaining conflicts are identified. It is found that, while the legitimacy of multifunctionality is no longer controversial and there is a convergence of the views on the best policy instrument for addressing NTC, divergent positions regarding the treatment of NTC in market ...
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Japan's non-trade concerns: legitimate or protectionist?
The purpose of this article is to explain why Japan, with its food self-sufficiency rate at 40%, is at risk from severe tariff reductions and why it should be accorded special dispensations in WTO agreements on agriculture. The main issue evaluated is whether substantial net food importing countries like Japan, with their extremely high-cost agricultures, should be granted some exemptions in ...
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Towards sustainable food and farming systems in industrialised countries
Economic systems at all levels rely for their success on the value of services flowing from the stock of total assets which comprise five types of capital: natural, social, human, physical and financial. Sustainable systems accumulate stocks of these five assets, so increasing the capital base over time. But unsustainable systems deplete or run down capital, spending assets as if they were income ...
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Complexity of agricultural commodity cycle: a chaotic time series analysis
Most empirical investigations of agricultural markets have been conducted using linear models. Therefore, nonlinear dynamic patterns of the market cannot be predicted based on these models under any circumstances. Consequently, little is known about the role of nonlinear dynamics and the whether we can predict the market both for short- and long-term in agriculture. We utilise the real world data ...
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Environmental policies for agriculture in Europe
This study analyses the environmental policies in Europe and particularly in The Netherlands. Comprehensive analysis of their policy package, which includes environmental taxes, tax exemptions, and the voluntary environmental agreement are provided. Each method does seem to show significant effects to reduce the environmental bads. This paper also presents an economic analysis of the glasshouse ...
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Environmental impact of panela food-processing industry: sustainable agriculture and local agri-food production systems
Environmental valuation "multi-stakeholder" processes, as advocated by ecological economics, often have a strong local character. Critical Natural Capital cannot be defined without referring to a given geographical scale, very often local in terms of the definition of the environmental resource at stake and the relevant stakeholders involved in the evaluation and decision process. In this ...
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Implementing environmental quality standards via collective projects in the French CTE procedure
Since 1999, in France, a new public intervention scheme called "CTE" has been proposed to farmers. Inside this contractual scheme, economic agents may coordinate collectively to jointly attain traditional economic objectives and environmental targets through collective projects. We are interested in the reduction of transaction costs that these projects may bring to the private and public ...
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Agricultural land use and economic growth: environmental implications of the Kuznets curve
The expansion of agricultural land use has been associated with the loss of environmental amenities, such as biological diversity, ecosystem services, and aesthetic values. Here, the determinants of agricultural land use are examined, drawing on panel data from 121 countries over the period 1965–1987. The analysis finds that an inverted U curve (or "environmental Kuznets curve") describes the ...
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