agriculture policy Articles
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Policy formation in the process of implementing agricultural reform in Turkey
In 2001, Turkey adopted the Agricultural Reform Implementation Project (ARIP). This reform changed the practical instruments of policy intervention without questioning the underlying policy paradigm. A major driving force behind ARIP was the World Bank, which provided policy advice and the necessary financial support. The primary goal was to make Turkish agriculture more compatible with the WTO ...
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Including non-trade concerns: the environment in EU and US agricultural policy
The challenge for any trade agreement is to be adaptable enough to enable countries to address legitimate non-trade concerns (NTC) while being restrictive enough to limit harm to other countries and to assist the creation of free international markets. In this paper, we focus on how environmental NTC have been addressed in agricultural policy in the USA and the European Union (EU) and the ...
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International trade as a source of economic growth: trade barriers and institutions
Trade barriers, erected by advanced countries to the agricultural exports from poor countries, are a greater barrier to economic growth and development than is commonly recognised. It is shown that agricultural policies in advanced countries are a major barrier to agricultural exports from poor countries, and particularly so for countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The major effect on growth is ...
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New forms of local collective governance linked to the agricultural landscape: identifying the scope and possibilities for hybrid institutions
Over the last few years, there has been a significant increase in the focus on rural development and public goods within the common agricultural policy (CAP). Many researchers emphasise how this implies a need for new ways of implementing policy and innovative collaboration between various actors. Policymakers also acknowledge such needs. Local action groups and organisations have a significant ...
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Agriculture and the environment in the EU accession countries
Implications of applying the EU common agricultural policy Agriculture has played a central role in shaping and influencing the environment in numerous ways throughout Europe over the centuries, and the EU accession countries are no exception to this. Here, the influence of agriculture on the environment is particularly clear: large areas of farmland of high nature value are present, but ...
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Policy instruments in support of organic farming in Austria
This paper explores the connection between agricultural policy measures and the development of organic farming in Austria from 1991 onwards. First, past policy measures are reviewed. Then, various new policy strategies for the further development of the organic sector in Austria are elaborated and their potential impact discussed. The analysis suggests that the current direct policy measures ...
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Implementing multifunctionality
Reductions of trade barriers and re-instrumentation of policy has led to a situation where nations believe that their pursuit of amenities tied to agriculture, multifunctionality, is jeopardised. Conflicting views of multifunctionality creates difficulties in trade talks. This paper examines the implementation of a policy designed around multifunctionality and integrating it into trade rules. ...
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Decoupling and agricultural investment with disinvestment flexibility: a case study
This paper studies the impact of changing national supports on agricultural investments, when taking into account disinvestment flexibility, focusing on a case study in Finnish agriculture. Numerical examples suggest that the reduction and decoupling of national support will cause a significant reduction in investments in the case study. However, assuming disinvestment flexibility, decoupling, if ...
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Building a static farm level spatial microsimulation model for rural development and agricultural policy analysis in Ireland
Using statistical matching techniques, economists can now create attribute rich datasets by matching across the common variables in two or more datasets. The farm level spatial microsimulation model developed in this paper uses one of many combinational optimisation techniques – simulated annealing – to match the Irish Census of Agriculture to the 2005 Irish National Farm Survey (NFS). Using the ...
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Investigation of the relative efficiency of LEADER+ in rural areas of Northern Greece
The aim of this paper is to investigate and measure the relative efficiency of LEADER+ action plans of seven rural areas in Northern Greece. To this end, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model is used, which is based on data from LEADER+ provided by the Ministry of Agriculture. In particular, the DEA method is used for measuring the relative efficiency of local actions and for the investigation ...
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Editorial: agriculture in Turkey – structural change, sustainability and EU-compatibility
Rural Turkey is dominated by a large agricultural sector that still relies on extensive state support and policy intervention. There is a general agreement that structural change is needed to make its rural economy more innovative and competitive. Yet, as long as the main architects of Turkish agricultural reform are primarily concerned with mitigating the impact of trade liberalisation through ...
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Assessing the prediction capacity of an agricultural supply positive mathematical programming model
In this paper, the calibration and prediction capacity of a supply response positive mathematical programming model (PMP) for the Alentejo region are evaluated. The model is calibrated with prices and agricultural subsidies of the base year (2000), using the specification rules of the cost function standard, Paris standard, average cost and exogenous elasticities. Then, the model is utilised for ...
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Multifunctionality in agriculture: externalities and non-traded goods
The multifunctionality nature of agriculture has been used to justify continuing protection for the agricultural sector. The farm sector produces a variety of outputs, some of which are marketable (or tradable) and others not. Protectionism, under the guise of multifunctionality, is then justified to support the non-marketed dimensions of the agricultural sector. We examine the impacts of trade ...
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Economic partnership agreements, common external tariff and prospects for staple food items in Nigeria
This paper looks into the potential impacts of the proposed Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between African, Caribbean and Pacific countries and the European Union (EU) on agriculture and food production in Nigeria. Using a partial equilibrium analysis, it assesses possible changes in production arising from the implementation of a Common External Tariff (CET) and/or EPA on three crops ...
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Modelling Common Agricultural Policy–Water Framework Directive interactions and cost-effectiveness of measures to reduce nitrogen pollution
Selecting cost-effective measures to regulate agricultural water pollution to conform to the Water Framework Directive presents multiple challenges. A bio-economic modelling approach is presented that has been used to explore the water quality and economic effects of the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy Reform and to assess the cost-effectiveness of input quotas and emission standards against ...
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Direct payment policies for the regeneration of less-favoured areas: a comparative study of the EU and Japan
This paper evaluates the constitution, significance and limitations of direct payment policy to farmers in hilly mountainous areas (i.e., Japan's less-favoured areas), where small-sized terraced paddy field farming is predominant. A significant period of depopulation and the successive aging of the rural society have resulted in the decline of farming output and the abandonment of farmland. As a ...
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Agriculture, business and development
This paper argues that building effective partnerships between multinational corporations and local Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) is essential for stimulating growth in African agricultural economies. Policies that provide incentives for multinational corporations to build domestic capacity are critical to growth. Africa therefore needs to create enabling environments for business ...
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World cotton markets liberalisation and cotton trade in Sudan
In this paper, the impact of full liberalisation of world cotton markets on Sudan and some selected African countries was estimated. Last version of Agricultural Trade Policy Simulation Model was applied. The results indicate that the liberalisation of cotton markets will lead to an increase in the world market price of cotton, which will have positive impact on the production and trade of the ...
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Agricultural biotechnology policies and research investments in Mexico
This paper examines the agricultural biotechnology research situation in Mexico. In addition to providing insights into the institutional and policy evolution, it analyses a quantitative survey of biotechnology investments in the 14 most important national public and private research organisations from 1985 to 1997. During this time period, Mexico experienced a noteworthy biotechnology ...
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The challenge of integrating EU and Turkish agricultural markets and policies
This paper addresses the potential consequences of a political and economic integration of EU and Turkish agriculture and evaluates the resulting challenges. Simulation models reveal declining agricultural prices for Turkey in the case of market integration with the EU. This would lead to less production, more consumption and Turkey becoming a net importer of agricultural products. Resulting ...
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