Crop Management Articles
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Field trial carried out in the ebro valley, Spain case study
Rice farmers in Spain experience two major problems with their rice crops: After the flooding and fertilisation of the rice fields algal growth rapidly develops and covers the surface of the water in the paddy. This greatly reduces the availability of sunlight received by the seedlings until they have grown above the water level. This results in early stage plant loss which can be severe. The ...
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Assessing the prediction capacity of an agricultural supply positive mathematical programming model
In this paper, the calibration and prediction capacity of a supply response positive mathematical programming model (PMP) for the Alentejo region are evaluated. The model is calibrated with prices and agricultural subsidies of the base year (2000), using the specification rules of the cost function standard, Paris standard, average cost and exogenous elasticities. Then, the model is utilised for ...
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U.S. national organic program approves ban on engineered nanomaterials from organic products
On December 17, 2010, the US National Organic Program (NOP) voted to accept the recommendation of the US National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) to prohibit engineered nanomaterials from the production, processing, and packaging of certified organic products. The decision was made with little fanfare, but has big implications. Background The NOP is a federal program managed under the U.S. ...
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U.S. National Organic Program Approves Ban on Engineered Nanomaterials from Organic Products
On December 17, 2010, the US National Organic Program (NOP) voted to accept the recommendation of the US National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) to prohibit engineered nanomaterials from the production, processing, and packaging of certified organic products. The decision was made with little fanfare, but has big implications. Background The NOP is a federal program managed under the U.S. ...
By Acta Group
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Agroforestry Buffers Reduce Runoff from Agricultural Watersheds
Despite increased attention and demand for the adoption of agroforestry practices throughout the world, rigorous long-term scientific studies confirming environmental benefits from the use of agroforestry practices are limited. The objective of this study was to examine nonpoint-source pollution (NPSP) reduction as influenced by agroforestry buffers in watersheds under grazing and row crop ...
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Explaining differential sources of zoonotic pathogens in intensively-farmed catchments using kinematic waves
Surveys in streams draining intensively farmed catchments can, during flood events, indicate differential time-concentration patterns between a bacterial health-risk indicator (E. coli) and a major zoonotic pathogen that it seeks to indicate—Campylobacter. The indicator's peak concentration at a monitoring station can arrive ahead of the flood peak (the pollutograph leads the hydrograph), whereas ...
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Optimal crop planning using a chance constrained linear programming model
A monthly time-stepped chance constrained linear programming (CCLP) model was developed to derive optimal cropping patterns and optimal operational strategies for the Sri Ram Sagar Project, with stochastic inflows. The stochastic nature of the inflows was incorporated into the model in its equivalent deterministic form. These equivalent deterministic inflow values were estimated from the annual ...
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Impact assessment of pre- and post-sown irrigation with Post Methanation distillery Effluent on soil health and crop yield
Field experiments were conducted to assess the optimum dilution of Post Methanation distillery Effluent (PME) to utilise as an organic nutrient source for growing rice and wheat crops. Dilution levels of distillery effluent significantly affected the biomass production as well as grain yield of rice and wheat crops. Levels of organic carbon and NPK were significantly higher in effluent treated ...
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Development of a decision support system for small reservoir irrigation systems in rainfed and drought prone areas
An integrated computer program called Cropping System and Water Management Model (CSWM) with a three-step feature (expert system—simulation—optimization) was developed to address a range of decision support for rainfed farming, i.e. crop selection, scheduling and optimisation. The system was used for agricultural planning with emphasis on sustainable agriculture in the rainfed areas through the ...
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A root-zone soil regime of wheat: physiological and growth responses to furrow irrigation in raised bed planting in northern China
Different irrigation methods in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) result in different water and nutrient use efficiencies and, ultimately, plant growth. A field experiment was conducted during the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 crop cycles to investigate the effects of furrow irrigated raised bed planting and the effects of flood irrigated conventional planting on growth and productivity in winter wheat. In ...
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Validation of molecular markers associated with net blotch resistance and their utilization in barley breeding
With the advancement of molecular marker technology and computer software, mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for complex traits in agricultural crops is frequent; however, exploitation of these QTL in practical breeding programs is limited. Here we report the validation of molecular markers linked to net blotch resistance QTL and their utilization in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding ...
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Conserving and enhancing maize genetic resources as global public goods–a perspective from CIMMYT
The growing demands for food, feed, and bioenergy worldwide will require a 2% per annum increase in global maize (Zea mays L.) production. Maize is one of the most important staple food crops across the developing world as well as being an important feed crop for global livestock production and the emerging biofuel industry. Maize genotypes can range from 0.5 to 5 m standing height at flowering, ...
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The localization of agriculture
In the United States, there has been a surge of interest in eating fresh local foods, corresponding with mounting concerns about the climate effects of consuming food from distant places and about the obesity and other health problems associated with junk food diets. This is reflected in the rise in urban gardening, school gardening, and farmers’ markets. With the fast-growing local foods ...
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Comparison of certified and farm-saved seed on yield and quality characteristics of Canola
Relatively high seed prices and low canola (Brassica napus L.) grain prices created a controversy over using farm-saved seed from hybrids. Agronomic implications of saving seed from a canola crop were investigated by planting certified seed and saved-seed of an open-pollinated and a hybrid canola cultivar at eight site-years in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. In one series of experiments ...
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Nitrogen influences biomass and nutrient partitioning by perennial, warm-season grasses
Recent attention has focused on the use of perennial, warm-season grasses as renewable energy crops. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of N fertilization on partitioning of biomass and nutrients between above- and belowground plant components by four warm-season grass species in Iowa. In 2006–2007, established stands of big bluestem (Andropogon geradii Vitman), switchgrass ...
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Triangular transplanting pattern and split nitrogen fertilizer application increase rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer recovery
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of improved crop management (OPT) for irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) on grain yield and N recovery efficiency in southwestern China. In the OPT treatment, rice seedlings were transplanted in a triangular spatial pattern and the N fertilizer was split, based on the difference between the estimated total N requirement and the soil and ...
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Italian ryegrass management effects on nitrogen supply to a subsequent potato crop
There is increasing use of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a green manure in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotations; however, effects of its management on soil N supply to the subsequent potato crop are unknown. Fertilizer N management and plow-down date for a preceding Italian ryegrass crop, ‘Lemtal’, on soil N supply to a subsequent potato crop, ‘Russet Burbank’, was determined ...
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Nitrogen fixation of Sulla under Mediterranean conditions
Sulla coronaria (L.) B.H. Choi & H. Ohashi (=Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a Mediterranean forage legume grown extensively in rainfed Italian environments. Here we report the field quantification of its seasonal and annual N fixation, using the 15N isotopic dilution (ID) method, the influence of various nonfixing reference species on these estimates, and the allocation of fixed N between the ...
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A Conceptual model for describing processes of crop improvement in database structures
Rising research costs, broadening goals, intellectual property rights, and other concerns increase the need for robust management of crop improvement data. The data model of the International Crop Information System (ICIS) allows breeding processes to be recorded unambiguously in a relational database. This paper describes this model, which underlies the Genealogical Management System (GMS) of ...
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High yielding organic crop management decreases plant-available but not recalcitrant soil phosphorus
Phosphorus is a nonrenewable resource, raising concerns that agricultural practices may deplete reserves. Organic farming with low P inputs can result in deficient levels of plant-available phosphorus (available-P). The purpose of this study was to determine if common organically managed rotations are depleting P reserves or if large reserves still exist in unavailable forms. The research was ...
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