canopy Articles
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Analysis of scaling-up resistances from leaf to canopy using numerical simulations
A multi-layer model, combining Lagrangian dispersion at the canopy level with Ohm's Law analogy at the leaf level, was used in numerical simulations to assess the leaf-to-canopy scale translation of surface resistances. The model produced unique profiles of fluxes and scalar concentrations that satisfied both the dispersion and leaf models. Environmental factors and canopy architecture were ...
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City Trees can offset Neighbourhood Heat Islands, Concordia Researcher Says
The idea of the heat island - that densely built-up urban areas are considerably hotter than the rural and semi-rural landscapes that surround them - has been extensively studied and is widely accepted by academics and the public. The idea of the heat island - that densely built-up urban areas are considerably hotter than the rural and semi-rural landscapes that surround them - has been ...
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Comparison of three methods for estimating leaf area index of upland rice cultivars
Nondestructive estimation of leaf area index (LAI) using two canopy analyzers (LAI-2000 and SunScan) was compared with destructively measured LAI for four upland rice (Oryza spp.) cultivars with various types of canopy development during the period from 21 to 56 d after sowing (DAS). For the LAI-2000, LAI was estimated with or without the wide angle reading (Ring 5). When data from 50 and 56 DAS, ...
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Case study - Barbican Canopy
London System kWp: 2.8 Area: 44.2 m sq Inverter: Kaco Modules Used: PS-C Transparent Series Polysolar supplied BIPV glazing units for a walkway canopy at Prior Weston Primary School, Barbican, London. Objective: Play area canopy designed to offer a dry and safe school yard extension, whilst reducing heat gain and glare in classrooms and providing renewable electricity. Result: The ...
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Parking Lot Hail Protection
It is amazing the number of different options that have been created to try to alleviate the problems associated with massive chunks of ice falling out of the sky. Hail can cause a lot of damage and super expensive damage at that. We recognized this at WeatherSolve a number of years ago and started to work on developing a system to fix this issue. WeatherSolve already had a whole lot of ...
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Evaluating the models of stomatal conductance response to humidity in a tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna, southwest China
The ecosystem-level fluxes of water vapour and carbon dioxide were measured from 2003 to 2006 at a tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. These flux measurements allowed the canopy-level evaluation of stomatal conductance (g) response to humidity models. The results showed that both the BWB model and the Leuning model discussed here ...
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Observations and snow model simulations of winter energy balance terms within and between different coniferous forests in southern boreal Finland
Variation of canopy properties between different forest types is seldom taken into account in hydrological and climate models, and consideration of variation inside a forest is normally omitted. In this work, three data sets on near surface energy balance terms (incoming shortwave and longwave radiation; air and snow–soil interface temperatures) were collected in the southern boreal ...
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Spatial analysis of early wheat canopy normalized difference vegetative index
Efficient use of real-time canopy sensors requires knowledge of the scale (resolution) of variation in the measured canopy property. Knowing the amount of needed optical data requires estimation of the optimal combination of physical sensor density (number of sensors along the applicator boom) and sensor output density (sensor readings per unit distance along the travel path). The objective of ...
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AquaCrop—The FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: III. Parameterization and testing for maize
The first crop chosen to parameterize and test the new FAO AquaCrop model is maize (Zea mays L.). Working mainly with data sets from 6 yr of maize field experiments at Davis, CA, plus another 4 yr of Davis maize canopy data, a set of conservative (nearly constant) parameters of AquaCrop, presumably applicable to widely different conditions and not specific to a given crop cultivar, was evaluated ...
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Forest & plant canopy analysis - Tools & methods
The range of applications of canopy cover analysis is truly astounding. Canopy analysis derives its usefulness from the vitality of the canopy. Many methods to measure canopy cover have been developed in the last 80 years to meet various objectives. Not surprisingly, there have been several comparisons of the tools in different parts of the world. A general knowledge of canopy cover and the ...
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A simple spectral index using reflectance of 735 nm to assess nitrogen status of rice canopy
Spatial distribution of canopy N status is the primary information needed for precision management of N fertilizer. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a simple spectral index (SI) using the first derivative of canopy reflectance spectrum at 735 nm (dR/d|735) to assess N concentration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants, and then validated the applicability of a simplified imaging system ...
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Variation in photosynthetic photon flux density within a tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, south-western China
The effects of canopy development, solar angle, and weather conditions on temporal variation in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at three heights within a tropical rain forest canopy in Xishuangbanna, China, were examined. PPFD was measured every second and stored as 10-min averages from 1 December 2002 to 30 November 2003. PPFD variability was examined at three different tempcral ...
By IOS Press
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Hail Netting For Cold Climates
In a world acutely aware of the changes in weather, protection from that weather has become a growing concern. Hail is one type of weather that can cause a lot of damage to property, especially cars. Hail is the result of warm and cold systems colliding. Protection from hail looks different in warm and cold climates. Failing to have adequate protection from hail storms could have disastrous ...
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Traceflux: a small-scale tracer experiment at a forested site
Results from four successful tracer experiments carried out in a dense forest canopy are presented. For each experiment, sulphur hexafluoride SF6 was released from a point source in trunk space and air samples were collected at 19 horizontally distributed locations in the canopy. Meteorological measurements include fast-response turbulence data recorded at several locations in and above the ...
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Forest & Plant Canopy Analysis - Tools & Methods
Canopy Analysis for Crop, Forest & Plant Research The range of applications of canopy cover analysis is truly astounding. Canopy analysis derives its usefulness from the vitality of the canopy. Many methods to measure canopy cover have been developed in the last 80 years to meet various objectives. Not surprisingly, there have been several comparisons of the tools in different parts of the ...
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Spatial analysis of early wheat canopy normalized difference vegetative index: determining appropriate observation scale
Efficient use of real-time canopy sensors requires knowledge of the scale (resolution) of variation in the measured canopy property. Knowing the amount of needed optical data requires estimation of the optimal combination of physical sensor density (number of sensors along the applicator boom) and sensor output density (sensor readings per unit distance along the travel path). The objective of ...
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Aquacrop—the FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water
This article introduces the FAO crop model AquaCrop. It simulates attainable yields of major herbaceous crops as a function of water consumption under rainfed, supplemental, deficit, and full irrigation conditions. The growth engine of AquaCrop is water-driven, in that transpiration is calculated first and translated into biomass using a conservative, crop-specific parameter: the biomass water ...
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Monitoring Forest Phenology and Leaf Area Index with the Autonomous, Low-Cost Transmittance Sensor PASTiS-57
Abstract : Land Surface Phenology (LSP) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) are important variables that describe the photosynthetically active phase and capacity of vegetation. Both are derived on the global scale from optical satellite sensors and require robust validation based on in situ sensors at high temporal resolution. This study assesses the PAI Autonomous System from Transmittance Sensors at 57 ...
By Hiphen
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The Forest Canopy: Structure, Roles & Measurement
If you are looking for a classic example of the circle of life, consider the forest canopy structure. A forest’s canopy structure is influenced by environmental and soil factors, and it also influences these factors in return. It is an aspect of forest ecology that is receiving more attention in this age of climate change emergency. The canopy structure is often overlooked, with most of the ...
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Sprinkler irrigation changes maize canopy microclimate and crop water status, transpiration, and temperature
During a sprinkler irrigation event some water is lost due to wind drift and evaporation (WDEL). After the irrigation event, plant-intercepted water is lost due to evaporation. The water lost causes microclimatic changes which could result in positive or negative plant physiological changes. We studied the microclimatic and physiological changes on two fields grown with maize (Zea mays L.) ...
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