Bacterial Formulation for Aquaculture - Agriculture - Aquaculture
Global shortages in seafood resources have driven the growth of aquaculture as an economic activity. As a consequence of space and resource constraints, traditional aquaculture has been intensified into reticulated systems with high stocking densities of the cultured species . This results in an artificial environment that has a propensity for supporting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and the accumulation of waste metabolites in aquaculture systems. The indiscriminate release of spent aquaculture wastes into surrounding environments is also problematic.
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The outbreak of disease in aquaculture systems, caused by bacterial pathogens, is a complex phenomenon associated with stressful environmental conditions such as poor water quality and can ultimately result in mass mortality and significant loss to the industry. The main cause of poor water quality is waste accumulation through hyper-nutrification resulting from excessive feeding rates and high nutrient dietary composition, both of which are common phenomena in intensive aquaculture systems. High levels of nitrogenous and phosphorous waste accumulation predispose fish to infestation by parasites and pathogens and also pose a threat to the environment.
Useful micro-organisms play a number of roles in pond culture, particularly with respect to productivity, nutrient cycling, nutrition of the cultured animals, water quality, disease control and environmental impact of effluents. Bacterial additives improve water quality and reduce pathogen load and mortality, and have thus emerged in modern day aquaculture as alternatives to chemicals and antibiotics. Bacillus spp. offer an attractive solution to the challenges facing modern aquaculture. Advantages of this genus include the ability to grow rapidly, tolerate a wide range of physiological conditions and the ability to sporulate. The robust spores of Bacillus spp. are also amenable to simple and cost effective production processes and the end products are stable for long periods.
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