Aquaculture Articles
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Bioeconomic modelling and salmon aquaculture: an overview of the literature
Bioeconomic models can be used to assist producers and decision-makers in identifying optimal production system designs, operation management strategies, and alternative development and policy approaches. This paper reviews the literature on bioeconomic modelling in aquaculture since 1993 and builds on an earlier article by Leung (1994) which examines this literature for the 1974-1993 period. In ...
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Joint immobilization of plant growth-promoting bacteria and green microalgae in alginate beads as an experimental model for studying plant-bacterium interactions
A simple, quantitative experimental model, offering a convenient and basic approach to studies of plant-bacterium interactions, is proposed. This involves immobilizing a unicellular, freshwater microalga, a Chlorella species, serving as the plant, with a plant growth-promoting bacterium, an Azospirillum species, in small alginate beads to allow close interaction and to avoid external ...
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Efficiency and sustainability implications of artisanal fisheries activities: evidence from a developing country
Fisheries activities have an integral role to play in the livelihoods and economies of the Pacific island countries. However, the 'race to fish' behaviour assisted by the nature of property rights could lead to unsustainable resource extraction practices. In this paper, primary data on Fiji's artisanal fishermen and their fishing operation is used to examine their technical efficiency. Results ...
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Calculation of radiation doses to human organs from consumption of marine fish
In the present work, radiation doses are estimated from the analysis of 40K, 137Cs, 226Ra and 228Ra radionuclides in marine fish of the Bay of Bengal, accumulated in ten different human organs: red marrow, lung, thyroid, lower large intestine, upper large intestine, small intestine, breast, stomach, gonads and bone surface. The lowest equivalent dose is calculated in the thyroid as 2.7×10−3 µSv/y ...
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Effects of ENSO 1997?1998 on the distribution of small pelagic fish off the west coast of Baja California
Changes in the Small Pelagic Fish (SPF) densities and distribution during ENSO 1997?1998 were found from observations made between 1994 and 2001 along the northwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico. Results showed that temperature and variables associated with the surface mixing processes had an effect on the SPF shoal behaviour and distribution. Between September and December 1997, acoustic ...
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Disposal of seaweed wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) in composting process by marine bacterium Halomonas sp. AW4
A novel marine bacterium, identified as Halomonas sp. AW4 by partial 16S rDNA analysis, was isolated from the seaweeds in Awaji Island, Japan. Strain AW4 grew well even in the wide NaCl concentration ranges of 0?3 mol/L, where it showed an optimal growth in the presence of 0.5 mol/L NaCl. The organic components were reduced to 73.6% of initial dry weight after 168 h of composting by inoculation ...
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Nutrient variation in an urban lake Chain and its consequences for phytoplankton production
In the Central Arizona–Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem, managers divert mixed stream water and groundwater to maintain an artificial lake chain in Indian Bend Wash (IBW), a historically flashy, ephemeral, desert stream. Nutrient concentrations in the CAP ecosystem's groundwater, stream water, and floodwater differ: stream water has low concentrations of both inorganic N and P, while groundwater is low in ...
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Macroalgal standing crop estimate – fast method using ultralight aircraft
A simple and low-cost method for monitoring macroalgal standing crops in shallow water consists of flying over and photographing the areas in an ultralight aircraft to determine the surface area of macroalgal mats. In the proposed method, photos are analysed by AUTOCAD software and mat density is then estimated in the field. Using mat density and bottom surface covered by mats, a rough estimate ...
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The Sustainable Net Domestic Product of Cambodia, 1988?2004
In the tradition of Hicks (1946), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an inadequate measure of national income insofar as it includes, as current income, the depletion of income-generating capital. Using an alternative measure of Hicksian national income called Sustainable Net Domestic Product (SNDP) (Daly, 1996), it is shown that, for the period 1988?2004, Cambodia's SNDP was lower than its GDP. ...
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Temporal distribution of Dinophysis spp. in relation to diarrhetic shellfish poisoning shellfish toxicity
Analysis of Istrian shellfish breeding areas for (Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning; DSP) shellfish toxicity were recorded in summer and autumn 2005 as part of Croatian shellfish breeding areas monitoring programme. As well as analysis of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP), DSP and Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) through mouse bioassay, analysis of toxic species present in the phytoplankton ...
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Effect of mooring system on moored ship motions and harbour tranquillity
Recently, numerical simulation on the motions of ship moored in ports and harbours is carried out to evaluate property of the motions, and is applied to calculating harbour tranquillity directly. However, the simulations take much time, costs and knowledge on evaluation of the results. In this paper, we propose simple graphs for estimating the moored ship motions and mooring loads by a simple ...
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Dietary Uptake Models Used for Modeling the Bioaccumulation of Organic Contaminants in Fish - Critical Review
Numerous models have been developed to predict the bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in fish. Although chemical dietary uptake can be modeled using assimilation efficiencies, bioaccumulation models fall into two distinct groups. The first group implicitly assumes that assimilation efficiencies describe the net chemical exchanges between fish and their food. These models describe chemical ...
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Organic and conventional production systems in the wisconsin integrated cropping systems trials: i. Productivity 1990–2002
During the last half-century, agriculture in the upper U.S. Midwest has changed from limited-input, integrated grain–livestock systems to primarily high-input specialized livestock or grain systems. This trend has spawned a debate regarding which cropping systems are more sustainable and led to the question: can diverse, low-input cropping systems (organic systems) be as productive as ...
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Plan B 3.0 -- A Plan of Hope
Plan B is shaped by what is needed to save civilization, not by what may currently be considered politically feasible. Plan B does not fit within a particular discipline, sector, or set of assumptions. Implementing Plan B means undertaking several actions simultaneously, including eradicating poverty, stabilizing population, and restoring the earth’s natural systems. It also involves cutting ...
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When the traditional meets the modern: the sustainability of the artisanal fishing in Guanabara Bay, Brazil
The industrial development that has contributed to economic prosperity and advancement of standard of living has also brought new risks to people's every day lives and to the environment. This fact has been evident in the multiple uses of environmentally sensitive ecosystems, often resulting in conflicts among the users. This trend is especially apparent in countries like Brazil, where the issues ...
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Special Report No 7/2007 on the control, inspection and sanction systems relating to the rules on conservation of Community fisheries resources
The Common Fisheries Policy was instituted in 1983 with the objective of sustainable exploitation of living aquatic resources. Setting total allowable catches (TAC) and national quotas in order to limit catch volumes is the cornerstone of this policy. The existence of complete and reliable data and the application of effective inspection and penalty systems are essential to the success of such an ...
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Residues of organophosphorus pesticides in different food commodities in Slovenia, 1997?1998
During the period 1997?1998, a total of 1237 samples of different food commodities were analysed for residues of organophosphorus pesticides in Slovenia. The domestic and imported commodities tested included fruits, vegetables, cereals, alcoholic drinks and food of animal origin such as liver, fish, eggs, milk and honey. Residues of organophosphates were detected in 8.2% of samples (101 samples). ...
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Are we creating our own Easter Island?
For centuries environmental destruction in human history has been littered with civilizations that failed because humans exploited natural resources. Examples of over consumption of natural resources can be found from around the world — from the Incas to the Middle East. Currently, the human population is about 6 billion and will rise to 9 billion in the year 2050. That’s a growth rate of 80 ...
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The genesis of the New Zealand Parliament's Treaty of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act, 1992
Economic expansion and globalisation are contributing to greater appropriation of marine ecosystems. Conflicts over access to fisheries resources nevertheless date back many centuries in most parts of the world, and - as with land resources - are closely tied to colonial histories, struggles for self-determination by indigenous peoples, and changing market conditions. This paper gives a detailed ...
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The advantages and disadvantages of culturing fish.
The advantages and disadvantages of culturing fish. Experts develop practical recommendations for decision-makers, scientists and producers for a sustainable development of Mediterranean aquaculture. Human demand for fish is growing steadily. With fisheries decreasing worldwide, aquaculture is becoming an important socio-economic alternative and a source of proteins and healthy oils. ...
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