Bioaccumulation of triclosan and triclocarban in plants grown in soils amended with municipal dewatered biosolids
Biosolids generally contain the microbiocidal agents triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) that are persistent during wastewater treatment and sorp to organic material. The present study investigated the concentration of TCS in tissues of radish, carrot and soybean grown in potted soil amended with biosolids. Highest mean concentrations of TCS in radish, carrot and soybean root tissue midway through the life cycle were 24.8, 49.8, and 48.1 ng/g dw, respectively, but concentrations declined to 2.1, 5.5, 8.4 ng/g dw, respectively, by the conclusion of the test. Highest mean concentrations of TCS in radish and carrot shoot tissue were 33.7 and 18.3 ng/g dw at day 19 and 45, respectively, but declined to 13.7 and 5.5 ng/g dw at day 34 and 69, respectively. Concentration of TCS in all samples of soybean seeds was below method detection limit (i.e., 2.8 ng/g dw). The present study also examined the concentration of TCS and TCC in edible portions of green pepper, carrot, cucumber, tomato, radish, and lettuce plants grown in a field amended with biosolids. TCS was only detected in cucumber and radish up to 5.2 ng/g dw. TCC was detected in carrot, green pepper, tomato, and cucumber up to 5.7 ng/g dw, respectively. On the basis of the present and other studies, we estimate that vegetable consumption represents less than 0.5% of the acceptable daily intake of TCS and TCC. These results demonstrate that if best management practices for land application of biosolids in Ontario are followed, the concentration of TCS and TCC in edible portions of plants represents a negligible exposure pathway to humans. Environ Toxicol Chem © 2013 SETAC
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