agriculture regulation Articles
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Multifunctionality in agriculture: externalities and non-traded goods
The multifunctionality nature of agriculture has been used to justify continuing protection for the agricultural sector. The farm sector produces a variety of outputs, some of which are marketable (or tradable) and others not. Protectionism, under the guise of multifunctionality, is then justified to support the non-marketed dimensions of the agricultural sector. We examine the impacts of trade ...
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Brian Xu, M.D., PH.D., DABT®, Quoted In Bloomberg BNA Daily Environment Report Article “Registration Delays Expected as China Launches Pesticide Regime”
Brian Xu, M.D., PH.D., DABT®, Quoted In Bloomberg BNA Daily Environment Report Article “Registration Delays Expected as China Launches Pesticide Regime” On October 25, 2017, Brian Xu, M.D., PH.D., DABT®, toxicologist with Bergeson & Campbell, P.C. (B&C®), was quoted by Bloomberg BNA Daily Environment Report regarding China’s updated pesticide regulations. ...
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Goals and standards in Swedish organic farming: trading off between desirables
Organic farming is an explicitly value-based movement working towards a set of goals. The standards of organic farming serve the purpose of telling organic producers what they need to do, to be certified organic, but they are also as a means to steer them towards the goals of organic production. Both standards and goals are dynamic and subject to change. While goals can be broad and idealistic, ...
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Competitiveness and environmental policies for agriculture: testing the Porter hypothesis
Porter hypothesis suggests tougher environmental regulations could spur technological growth, leading to an increase in productivity of market outputs, simultaneously providing greater environmental protection. This study tests the Porter hypothesis in US agriculture using state level data from 1973 through 1996. Luenberger productivity indexes, which are dual to the profit function and do not ...
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Modelling Common Agricultural Policy–Water Framework Directive interactions and cost-effectiveness of measures to reduce nitrogen pollution
Selecting cost-effective measures to regulate agricultural water pollution to conform to the Water Framework Directive presents multiple challenges. A bio-economic modelling approach is presented that has been used to explore the water quality and economic effects of the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy Reform and to assess the cost-effectiveness of input quotas and emission standards against ...
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Introduction: Global actors, markets and rules driving the diffusion of genetically modified (GM) crops in developing countries
The theme of this special issue – genetically modified (GM) crops – goes to the heart of the process of globalisation, technology and development. This introductory essay explains how this new technology is being driven by the actors (multinational corporations), markets (large global markets) and rules (intellectual property) of globalisation. But it is also shaped by the other national and ...
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The lack of clear GMO regulation: its impact on researchers and farmers in Brazil
This paper discusses the current regulation of genetically modified organisms and derivatives used in Brazil, where GM-plants are on the verge of being approved for commercial use. The paper further uses a simulation model to assess the potential economic benefits resulting from unrestricted commercial approval of herbicide-tolerant soybeans and some other crops on the Brazilian economy. Only ...
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Critical grain and stover nitrogen concentrations at harvest for summer maize production in China
A uniform critical N concentration is desirable to serve as an indicator of N status and to guide agricultural practice and regulation. Our objective was to evaluate whether grain and stover N concentrations in summer maize (Zea mays L.) at harvest can serve as indicators of N status, and to determine a critical grain and stover N concentration (CGNC and CSNC) for maize production in China. At ...
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Bi-On, a product suitable for use in organic agriculture
Bi-On, a product suitable for use in organic farming Ecological, organic or biological agriculture is a cultivation system based on the optimum use of natural resources without using synthetic chemicals or genetically modified organisms (GMOs), thus being able to produce organic foods, as well as preserving the fertility of the soil and respecting the environment. All this in a sustainable, ...
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Transgenic crops, EU precaution, and developing countries
Agricultural biotechnologies have the potential to offer higher incomes for farmers in developing countries and lower-priced and better-quality food, feed and fibre. That potential is being heavily compromised, however, because of strict regulatory systems in the European Union and elsewhere governing transgenically modified (GM) crops. This paper examines why the EU has taken the extreme ...
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Regulating fertilizer applications in agriculture for healthier crops & environment
Farm Fertilizer - A Double-Edged Sword The excessive use of fertilizers is one of the main causes of the environmental impact of industrial agriculture. The notion that more is better has caused more harm than good to farming, as well as the environment. Therefore, using the right amount of fertilizers is considered an important part of farm management. To this end, there has been a lot of ...
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Regulatory factors affecting the agri-food biotechnology sector in the European Union
In Europe, in addition to public opposition to genetically modified food, the slow pace of development in agricultural and food biotechnology has been attributed to the lack of basic preconditions for commercial and innovative activities. The role and justification of a significant degree of regulation related to crop biotechnology is discussed. We try to clarify the existing broad structures ...
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Ecological modernisation as bureaucracy - organic food and its certification in the UK and India
This paper seeks to analyse ecological modernisation using a focus on how bureaucracy contributes to constituting ecological modernities in the case of organic food trade in the UK and India. Ecological modernisation is a way for business to apply ecological technologies to satisfy the demands of increasingly affluent publics for higher quality of life, including high environmental standards. ...
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USDA issues final rule amending voluntary labeling program for biobased products
On June 15, 2015, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) issued final amendments to the regulations concerning the Voluntary Labeling Program for Biobased Products. The rule is intended to incorporate statutory amendments to Section 9002 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act signed into law on February 2, 2014. Among other changes, USDA has deleted the definitions of "BioPreferred ...
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Role of multicriteria decision-aid (MCDA) to promote sustainable agriculture: heterogeneous data and different kinds of actors in a decision process
Regulation of pesticides in agricultural sector is becoming increasingly oriented to the use of best management practices in order to counter the effect of agricultural practices on health and groundwater. Several distinct criteria (economic, technical, environmental, social and informational criteria) need to be considered in the decision-making process. Moreover, the preferences of actors can ...
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Determining phosphorus and sediment release rates from five irish tillage soils
Received for publication December 11, 2008. The aim of this study was to compare the nutrient and sediment releases from five Irish tillage soils, inclined at 10- and 15-degree slopes, under a simulated rainfall intensity of 30mmh–1 in a controlled laboratory study. Using the relationship between soil test phosphorus (STP) in the five soils and the dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) released in ...
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Agricultural biotechnology in India: ethics, business and politics
This paper deals with the case of Bt cotton in Gujarat, India, as an illustration of how public policy chickens out when large-scale violation of ethical and scientific norms takes place with positive business outcomes. Entrepreneurial spirit has created a unique case of farmer participatory research whereon farm crosses are being made between Bt cotton varieties and other released varieties. New ...
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Photosynthetically active radiation sensor and illuminance sensor
Summary: In the study of plant physiology, the determination of plant photosynthesis is one of the important research work. It is generally measured by measuring the value of illuminance and photosynthetically active radiation, and the measurement of illuminance and photosynthetically active radiation requires a light sensor and photosynthetically active radiation sensor.To understand the ...
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U.S. national organic program approves ban on engineered nanomaterials from organic products
On December 17, 2010, the US National Organic Program (NOP) voted to accept the recommendation of the US National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) to prohibit engineered nanomaterials from the production, processing, and packaging of certified organic products. The decision was made with little fanfare, but has big implications. Background The NOP is a federal program managed under the U.S. ...
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Science for Environment Policy
The economic impact of climate change on European agriculture A new study has estimated how changes to climate might affect the value of European farmland. Based on data for over 41 000 farms, the results suggest that their economic value could drop by up to 32%, depending on the climate scenario considered- Farms in southern Europe are particularly sensitive to climate change and could ...
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