framework regulations Articles
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OSTP Announces Second and Third Public Engagement Sessions for Modernizing the Regulatory System for Biotechnology Products
On February 1, 2016, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) announced the dates and locations for the second and third public engagement sessions that will discuss the July 2, 2015, memorandum entitled "Modernizing the Regulatory System for Biotechnology Products." The second public meeting will be held on March 9, 2016, at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s ...
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Chronic aquatic effect assessment for the fungicide azoxystrobin
This study examined ecological effects of a range of chronic exposure concentrations of the fungicide azoxystrobin in freshwater experimental systems (1270 L outdoor microcosms). Intended and environmentally relevant test concentrations of azoxystrobin were 0, 0.33, 1, 3.3, 10, 33 μg ai/L, kept at constant values. Responses of freshwater populations and community parameters were studied. Over ...
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Genetically engineered flax: potential benefits, risks, regulations, and mitigation of transgene movement
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been grown for more than 6000 years, primarily for oil and fiber. Advances in plant biotechnology have resulted in flax cultivars with increased herbicides resistance and there is potential to produce transgenic flax with seed oil containing fatty acids with nutraceutical properties. Flax oil is a rich source of -linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3cis9,12,15), a precursor ...
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The effects of irrigation modernization on the cost recovery of water in the Valencia Region (Spain)
The modernization of the irrigation systems has been the main strategy followed by the regional administration of the Valencia Region to cope with the structural water deficit of the region, which has been particularly severe during the last three decades. These policies have been oriented to the substitution of gravity irrigation systems for drip technology. The technological change has ...
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Phytoextraction of Phosphorus-enriched grassland soils
Received for publication February 7, 2008. High soil P contents in agricultural soils in the Netherlands cause excessive losses of P to surface waters. The reductions in P application rates in the present manure policy are not sufficient to reach surface water quality standards resulting from the European Water Framework Directive in 2015. Accordingly, additional measures are necessary to reduce ...
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Reducing agricultural nitrogen inputs in the German Baltic Sea catchment – trends and policy options
We depict recent agricultural nitrogen input and future loads to be expected in 2021 in the German Baltic Sea catchment to assess the feasibility of reaching water quality targets defined by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). We calculate recent and future nitrogen balances from agriculture by applying an interdisciplinary modelling system, also considering the effects of the ...
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Water pricing and irrigation across Europe: opportunities and constraints for adopting irrigation scheduling decision support systems
Despite the plethora of irrigation scheduling decision support systems that have been developed over the past decades, there is little evidence of widespread adoption by farmers. This paper investigates the structural, institutional and political rigidities that affect the adoption of irrigation scheduling technologies in southern European countries and highlights the corresponding ...
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A dynamic analysis of nonpoint pollution control instruments in agriculture
Nonpoint pollution from agriculture is an emerging issue in the environmental policy of the European Union. Dynamic optimisation techniques are important in nonpoint pollution, and neglect of dynamic aspects may seriously mislead the proper design of policy measures. This paper presents an empirical assessment of nitrogen pollution abatement in the Ebro basin of northeastern Spain. The aim is to ...
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Agriculture and economics in the Water Framework Directive: progress and limitations
Agriculture is having an increasing impact on water resources in Spain, both from a quantitative (consumption) and qualitative (pollution) perspective. Therefore, the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have a great impact on this sector. In fact, new river management plans aim to reduce these pressures through the implementation of programmes of measures. These instruments ...
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Modelling Common Agricultural Policy–Water Framework Directive interactions and cost-effectiveness of measures to reduce nitrogen pollution
Selecting cost-effective measures to regulate agricultural water pollution to conform to the Water Framework Directive presents multiple challenges. A bio-economic modelling approach is presented that has been used to explore the water quality and economic effects of the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy Reform and to assess the cost-effectiveness of input quotas and emission standards against ...
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Determining phosphorus and sediment release rates from five irish tillage soils
Received for publication December 11, 2008. The aim of this study was to compare the nutrient and sediment releases from five Irish tillage soils, inclined at 10- and 15-degree slopes, under a simulated rainfall intensity of 30mmh–1 in a controlled laboratory study. Using the relationship between soil test phosphorus (STP) in the five soils and the dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) released in ...
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The DNA of the U.S. Regulatory System: Are We Getting It Right For Synthetic Biology?
U.S. regulatory oversight of synthetic biology across the board needs to be modernized to reflect and address the promising technologies routinely entering the market. From a statutory perspective, the pertinent laws appear sufficiently broad to empower federal agencies to address potential risks and promote the potential benefits of synthetic biology. The regulatory infrastructure, however, is ...
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Future Brief: Sustainable Aquaculture
Is sustainable aquaculture possible? Aquaculture is facing a new era of expansion in Europe. What are the environmental implications of this, and how can the sector expand sustainably? This Future Brief from Science for Environment Policy presents an overview of research into aquaculture’s impacts, and considers how it could develop in harmony with environmental goals. The EU’s Blue ...
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The entrenchment of controversial technology: a framework for monitoring and mapping strategic alignments
Chances for successful social entrenchment of innovative products can be increased by timely anticipation of problems of public acceptance and regulation. In this article, a framework for analysis is presented as a first step for designing a management approach aimed at mitigation of such entrenchment problems. The message is that monitoring the selection environment, anticipating outside events ...
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Biotechnology: APHIS Seeks Comment on Potentially Significant Changes to Regulations Regarding GE Organisms
According to a Federal Register notice published on February 5, 2016, 81 Fed. Reg. 6225, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) announced its intent to "prepare a programmatic environmental impact statement (EIS) in connection with potential changes to the regulations regarding the importation, interstate movement, and environmental release ...
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