hybrid corn Articles
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No differences in decomposition rates observed between bacillus thuringiensis and non-bacillus thuringiensis corn residue incubated in the field
Recent speculation of slower residue decomposition for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids compared with non-Bt corn hybrids has prompted investigative study. We evaluated the residue decomposition rates of Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids over a period of 22 mo under field conditions using the litter bag technique. The four corn hybrids used were (i) DKC60–16 (Bt+, Cry1Ab protein ...
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Hormonal changes caused by the xenia effect during grain filling of normal corn and high-oil corn crosses
The xenia effect results from the cross-fertilization of nonrelated lines of crops, which causes a grain to produce a germ or embryo that is much larger than average. It is a significant genetic component in TopCross grain production systems, which can affect grain yield and quality. This study measured hormone variations during grain filling of normal corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids, and normal corn ...
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Stacked corn hybrids show inconsistent yield and economic responses in New York
Stacked (two to three transgenic traits) corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids represented 40% of U.S. corn in 2008, despite limited agronomic studies. Field-scale studies were conducted on four farms in New York for 2 yr to evaluate the agronomics and economics of double-stacked {glyphosate resistance and Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)] trait} hybrids when ...
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Controlling Barnyardgrass with Corn Hybrid Selection
Barnyardgrass is a summer annual grass weed with a global impact on corn production. Yield losses due to barnyardgrass competition have been estimated up to 45% or more for crops such as cotton and corn. Besides corn, it can also be a serious weed pest in rice, soybean, sugarbeet, cotton, and corn. Integrated weed management techniques can be used for control of barnyardgrass in corn. High ...
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of purple kernel streak in white food corn
Purple kernel streaking (PKS) in white food corn (Zea mays L.) is characterized by the accumulation of purple-pigmented streaks (anthocyanins) in an otherwise colorless pericarp. This paper is the first published report documenting PKS, the prevalence of the trait in commercial white food corn germplasm, and the genetics underlying it. Entries from the Early White Food Corn Performance Trials ...
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No evidence that Bacillus Thuringiensis genes and their products influence the susceptibility of corn residue to decomposition
The possibility that Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn (Zea mays L.) residues resist decomposition compared to non-Bt residues would present direct (soil carbon turnover times) and indirect (changes in tillage practices) effects on carbon budgets in agricultural systems. We evaluated the relative decomposition of residue from two pairs of Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids from different seed ...
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Response of bt and near-isoline corn hybrids to plant density
Transgenic Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids with resistance to corn rootworm (CRW; Diabrotica spp.) or European corn borer [ECB; Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)] can have greater tolerance to water and nutrient stress, and thus may have higher optimum plant densities. Experiments were conducted following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] over nine site-years in Illinois to ...
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Heterosis decreasing in hybrids: Yield test inbreds
Yield testing finished inbreds to replace preliminary single-cross corn (Zea mays L.) yield tests will increase rate of commercial hybrid yield gains. Studies have shown that heterosis decreased 25%/50 yr, 10%/60 yr, and 35%/100 yr. Natural selection and artificial selection by plant breeders for adaptedness have increased parental inbred and hybrid seed yields, whereas percentage heterosis ...
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Improving the fermentation characteristics of corn through agronomic and processing practices
This study determined the influence of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids, N availability, grain harvest moisture, and drying temperatures on dry-mill ethanol production. Six hybrids, ranging from 92 to 108 d in relative maturity (RM), were planted at two locations over 2 yr. One of four N fertilizer treatments were applied. Grain was hand-harvested at grain moistures of 20 and 25%. Grain was dried to ...
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Breeding maize for a bioeconomy: a literature survey examining harvest index and stover yield and their relationship to grain yield
The use of maize (Zea mays L.) stover as a feedstock for cellulosic biofuels production will create demand for maize hybrids with greater stover yield. It is expected that grain yield will remain the most critical trait and continue to drive hybrid sales, requiring that any increases in stover yield be made without sacrificing grain yield potential. The objective of this review was to determine ...
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Grain sorghum and corn comparisons: yield, economic, and environmental responses
Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is often grown where water stress is expected. But, improved drought tolerance in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids has resulted in increased dryland corn production in preference to grain sorghum. However, grain sorghum may still have a yield advantage over corn in drought prone environments. This study was conducted to determine if grain sorghum has either a ...
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Classifying maize inbred lines into heterotic groups using a factorial mating design
A novel method of using a heterotic group's specific and general combining ability (HSGCA) to assign maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines into heterotic groups has been proposed recently. The objectives of this study were to (i) assign maize inbred lines to known heterotic groups using this method and (ii) compare efficiency of this method to traditional and molecular methods relative to the ...
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Stability of Cytoplasmic male sterility in maize under different environmental conditions
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally transmitted trait, whereby a plant is unable to produce viable pollen. Studies have revealed that this trait is a tool for enabling efficient and reliable coexistence between genetically modified (GM) and non-GM cultivation by biocontainment of GM maize (Zea mays L.) pollen. Maize has three types of male-sterile cytoplasm (T, S, and C), the ...
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Ridge regression and extensions for genomewide selection in Maize
This paper reviews properties of ridge regression for genomewide (genomic) selection and establishes close relationships with other methods to model genetic correlation among relatives, including use of a kinship matrix and the simple matching coefficient as computed from marker data. A number of alternative models are then proposed exploiting ties between genetic correlation based on marker data ...
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Physiological mechanisms underlying heterosis for shade tolerance in maize
Heterosis in maize (Zea mays L.) confers stress tolerance. To better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying the differential response of a maize hybrid (CG60 x MBS1236) and its parental inbred lines to shading stress, studies were conducted in a field hydroponic system in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006. Shading stress consisted of a 55% reduction in incident solar radiation and ...
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Rethinking food production for a world of eight billion
The World Food Programme and the Chinese government jointlyannounced that food aid shipments to China would stop at the end of theyear. For a country where a generation ago hundreds of millions of peoplewere chronically hungry, this was a landmark achievement. Not only hasChina ended its dependence on food aid, but almost overnight it has becomethe world’s third largest food aid donor. The key ...
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Predicting outcrossing in maize hybrid seed production
Controlling pollination of the female inbred is critical to achieve maximum kernel set and high levels of genetic purity in maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid seed production. Although kernel set associated with inbred flowering dynamics is fairly predictable, it has not been possible to predict the level of outcrossing resulting from adventitious pollen entering the seed field. Our objective was to ...
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Modern Miracles
When a technology comes along that unlocks a new way of thinking about an old problem, we marvel at it as a “modern miracle.” Growing up in Ireland, I know that memories of the Great Potato Famine still run deep. Today, Irish farmers know how fungicides have helped ensure that potato late blight remains a distant memory. Agriculture has come a long way since the nineteenth century, ...
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Efficiency of maize irrigation scheduling in climate variability and extreme weather events in eastern Croatia
This study was conducted (2010–2012) to analyse the efficiency of irrigation scheduling in maize production based on soil moisture measurements (Watermark soil moisture sensors) in years with extreme weather events at the research site of the Agricultural Institute in Osijek, eastern Croatia. Three irrigation treatments and four maize hybrids were studied. In the extremely rainy 2010, the ...
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Can genetic engineering help quench crops’ thirst?
Researchers around the world are exploring how GMO technology might boost food production under hot, dry conditions. Roger Deal is trying to figure out how plants remember drought. An assistant professor of biochemistry and genetics at Emory University, Deal says most plants have a kind of memory for stress. When experiencing water shortage, for example, plants close the holes in their leaves, ...
By Ensia
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