insecticide Articles
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Cross‐tolerance in amphibians: Wood frog mortality when exposed to three insecticides with a common mode of action
Insecticide tolerance and cross‐tolerance in nontarget organisms is often overlooked despite its potential to buffer natural systems from anthropogenic influence. The authors exposed wood frog tadpoles from 15 populations to three acetylcholine esterase‐inhibiting insecticides and found widespread variation in insecticide tolerance and evidence for cross‐tolerance to these insecticides. The ...
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Evaluating aquatic invertebrate vulnerability to insecticides based on intrinsic sensitivity, biological traits and toxic mode‐of‐action
In this study we evaluated the vulnerability of aquatic invertebrates to insecticides based on their intrinsic sensitivity and their population‐level recovery potential. The relative sensitivity of invertebrates to five different classes of insecticides was calculated at the genus, family and order levels using the acute toxicity data available in the USEPA AQUIRE database. Biological trait ...
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Acute Toxicity of the Synthetic Pyrethroid Deltamethrin to Fingerling European Catfish, Silurus glanis L.
The wide use of synthetic pesticides is increasing worldwide pollution risk. The synthetic pyrethroids are among the most potent and effective insecticides available (moore and Waring 2001), accounting for more than 30% of the world market in insecticides. The low toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides to mammals and birds and their limited soil persistence has encouraged the widespread and ...
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Modeling photodegradation kinetics of three systemic neonicotinoids – dinotefuran, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in aqueous and soil environment
Environmental presence and retention of commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides such as dinotefuran (DNT), imidacloprid (IMD), and thiamethoxam (THM) is a cause for concern and prevention due to their potential toxicity to non‐target species. In the present study the kinetics of the photodegradation of these insecticides were investigated in water and soil compartments under natural light ...
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Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides on two developmental stages of Xenopus laevis and comparison with other amphibians
It has been suggested that Xenopus laevis is less sensitive to some chemicals than other amphibians and therefore, the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay‐Xenopus (FETAX) may have limited use in risk assessments for other amphibians. However, comparisons are mostly based on results of FETAX which emphasizes embryos. Larval X. laevis may be more sensitive to chemicals than embryos and may serve as ...
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The effects of the amphibian chytrid fungus, insecticide exposure, and temperature on larval anuran development and survival
Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been implicated as a cause of amphibian declines. Susceptibility may be influenced by environmental factors that suppress the immune response. We conducted a laboratory study to examine the effect of temperature, insecticide exposure, and Bd exposure during larval anuran development. In our experiment, we examined ...
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The effects of the amphibian chytrid fungus exposure to American toads in the presence of an insecticide
Abiotic factors like pesticides may alter the impact of a pathogen on hosts, which could have implications for host‐pathogen interactions and may explain variation in disease outbreaks in nature. In this laboratory experiment, we exposed American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) metamorphs to the amphibian chytrid fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and environmentally relevant ...
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Reagents and standards for pesticide and chemical residues
Reagecon recognise that the growth in the use of standards requires an innovative approach to the presentation of our products. This is a specific catalogue detailing standards, reagents and indicators required for the analysis of pesticide, insecticide and other residues as described in the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 19TH Edition 2012 Volume 1. ...
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EPA Now Talking Nano
EPA’s Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) released in January the minutes of its November 2009 meeting regarding evaluation of nanosilver and other nanometal pesticide products. The report is available at www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2009/november/110309ameetingminutes.pdf. For prospective nanosilver Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) registrants, the news is not ...
By Acta Group
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Impact of an insecticide changes with amount of leaf litter input: Implications for amphibian populations
Changes in percentage of forest cover can influence nutrient levels in aquatic systems and change abiotic conditions that may influence species. The authors examined how increasing amounts of leaf litter influenced toxicity of the insecticide carbaryl using larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) in outdoor mesocosm ponds. Insecticides can have direct negative effects on individual physiology and ...
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Measurement of Methyl Isothiocyanate and Other Insecticides by GC / FID – FPD
The use of pesticides and insecticides in the Agricultural Industry has always been widespread in the past. However, their use is now under close scrutiny by many consumer and government agencies since the short-term and cumulative effects of these materials has been shown to be potentially hazardous to humans and ...
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Fipronil and imidacloprid reduce honeybee mitochondrial activity
Bees have a crucial role in pollination; therefore, it is important to determine the causes of their recent decline. Fipronil and imidacloprid are insecticides used worldwide to eliminate or control insect pests. Because they are broad‐spectrum insecticides, they can also affect honeybees. Many researchers have studied the lethal and sublethal effects of these and other insecticides on ...
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Living on the edge: Populations of two zooplankton species living closer to agricultural fields are more resistant to a common insecticide
Ecological communities across the globe are exposed to a diversity of natural and anthropogenic stressors and disturbances that can lead to community‐wide impacts. Contaminants are a group of anthropogenic disturbances that are ubiquitous in the environment and can trigger trophic cascades, increased susceptibility to pathogens, reduced biodiversity, and altered ecosystems. In these ...
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Insecticides and Metabolite Standards
Introduction to Insecticides Insecticides are a class of chemicals mainly used to control agricultural pests and urban sanitation pests. The use of insecticides has a long history, a large amount and a variety of varieties, which have played an extremely important role in increasing agricultural production. 1. Classification of Insecticides 1.1 Source According to the source classification, ...
By BOC Sciences
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Insecticide risk map exposes threat to aquatic life
The global threat that insecticides pose for aquatic biodiversity has been revealed in a recent modelling study that pinpoints areas at greatest risk. The mapping exercise conducted by the researchers reveals that aquatic life in water bodies within 40 per cent of the global land surface is at risk from insecticides running off the land. Published in Environmental Pollution last month (30 ...
By SciDev.Net
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Is the chronic Tier‐1 effect assessment approach for insecticides protective for aquatic ecosystems?
We investigated the appropriateness of several methods, including those recommended in the Aquatic Guidance Document of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), for the derivation of chronic Tier‐1 Regulatory Acceptable Concentrations (RACs) for insecticides and aquatic organisms. The insecticides represented different chemical classes (organophosphates, pyrethroids, benzoylureas, insect ...
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Pyrethroid insecticides in municipal wastewater
Pyrethroids are widely used insecticides, but there is minimal published information on their presence in municipal wastewater in the United States. Pyrethroids in wastewater from the Sacramento, California area, consisted of permethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, and cyhalothrin with a combined concentration of 200–500 ng/L. Sampling within the wastewater collection system leading to the ...
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Analysis of Agricultural Pesticides in Wine by GC
This application demonstrates the usefulness of SPME in the low-level extraction of agricultural pesticides from wine, and the use of the SLB-5ms in the subsequent analysis. The pesticides chosen for the analysis represent a group of insecticides and fungicides that could be found in commercial wines. These compounds contain a variety of polar functional groups, and the polyacrylate fiber ...
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Effects of pesticide exposure and the amphibian chytrid fungus on gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) metamorphosis
Pesticides are detectable in most aquatic habitats and have the potential to alter hostpathogen interactions. The amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been associated with amphibian declines around the world. However, Bd‐associated declines are more prominent in some areas, despite nearly global distribution of Bd, suggesting other factors contribute to disease ...
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Pollinator effects on genotypically distinct soybean cytoplasmic male sterile lines
Poor seed-set limits potential for soybean hybrid seed production. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of different pollinators on the rate of seed set in three soybean cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, JLCMS9A, JLCMS82A, and JLCMS89A. The following five treatments were applied under net room isolation-conditions: (i) insecticide application and release of alfalfa leafcutter ...
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