Showing results for: plant breeding Articles
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Intellectual property and Freedom To Operate in the flax breeding world: Canada in the global context
Through one-on-one in-depth interviews of Canadian public sector flax breeders, this study explores issues around Intellectual Property (IP) and Freedom To Operate (FTP) in flax breeding from a Canadian perspective. The results are supported by a scan of flax breeding efforts worldwide, an in-depth patent analysis (using Patent Lens and the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) databases) and a ...
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Intellectual property and biotechnology: trade interests of developing countries
Biotechnology has the potential to provide the answers to some of the developing world's most intractable problems. There is scope for developing countries to interpret the provisions of the WTO TRIPS Agreement on biotechnology at different levels, as evidenced by differing interpretations in the developed world. Equally, however, demands of developing countries on biodiversity-related issues can ...
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Sustainable agriculture and sustainability of Indian agriculture in the context of globalisation
There is a growing realisation of the importance of sustainable agriculture across the globe. This awareness has become the main focus of global debate as a result of degradation of natural resources and environment. There is a growing demand for eco-friendly agricultural commodities in the international market. Here an attempt is made to examine the context and meaning of the term ...
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Study of genotype x environment interaction for chickpea yield in Iran
Plant breeders aim to select genotypes with stable phenotypes across environments. Multienvironment trials (METs) including 3 yr and six locations for 17 genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were performed in Iran. Bartlett's test of homogeneity of variances was not significant and so the combined analysis was done. This analysis indicated that the environment (E), genotype (G), and the ...
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Biotechnology and traditional knowledge: in search of equity
Biotechnology has increased the value of genetic resources and related traditional knowledge of indigenous and farming communities. However, the diversity of animal and plant resources as well as traditional knowledge are declining at an accelerated rate. Biological diversity, coupled with traditional knowledge are essential to maintain the options for the survival of mankind in a changing world. ...
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Variation in Adzuki Bean (vigna angularis) germplasm grown in China
Adzuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] is cultivated in a wide range of agroecological environments from north to south China. An understanding of the genetic variation for crop adaptation facilitates plant breeding. A core germplasm of 231 accessions (selected from a representative collection of 3908 Chinese landraces) was evaluated at diverse locations in China in 1998 to (i) ...
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Heterosis decreasing in hybrids: Yield test inbreds
Yield testing finished inbreds to replace preliminary single-cross corn (Zea mays L.) yield tests will increase rate of commercial hybrid yield gains. Studies have shown that heterosis decreased 25%/50 yr, 10%/60 yr, and 35%/100 yr. Natural selection and artificial selection by plant breeders for adaptedness have increased parental inbred and hybrid seed yields, whereas percentage heterosis ...
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Ecogeographic factors affecting inflorescence emergence of cool-season forage grasses
The ability to predict when a cool-season forage grass cultivar will begin inflorescence emergence under different ecogeographical conditions would allow plant breeders, agronomists, and grass-seed marketers to better position that cultivar into a forage production system. Our objective was to determine the ecogeographical factors (longitude, latitude, elevation, day of year when average daily ...
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Changes in Isoflavone concentration with 58 years of genetic improvement of short-season soybean cultivars in Canada
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain a high concentration of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, which are considered to be compounds beneficial to human health. Our objective was to determine the influence of breeding and selection for yield on the isoflavone concentration of short-season cultivars. A collection of 14 historical cultivars released from 1934 to 1992 was grown at ...
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How `open source` seed producers from the U.S. to India are changing global food production
Around the world, plant breeders are resisting what they see as corporate control of the food supply by making seeds available for other breeders to use. Frank Morton has been breeding lettuce since the 1980s. His company offers 114 varieties, among them Outredgeous, which last year became the first plant that NASA astronauts grew and ate in space. For nearly 20 years, Morton’s work was ...
By Ensia
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THP9 Can Improve Protein Content and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Maize Seeds
Teosinte is a wild ancestor of maize, and its seed protein content is three times that of most modern maize lines. In a new study, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Normal University tracked the mechanisms responsible for the decline in seed protein content in maize hybrids and inbred strains. Their findings open new avenues for maximizing seed protein content and ...
By Lifeasible
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Ancient roots of wheat virus resistance
The DNA sequence of a gene responsible for resistance to a devastating virus in wheat has been discovered, providing important clues for managing more resistant crops and maintaining a healthy food supply. Wheat crops in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Africa are regularly damaged by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), and there is a high demand for wheat varieties or cultivars that are resistant ...
By Lifeasible
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Comparison of weighting in two-stage analysis of plant breeding trials
Series of plant breeding trials are often unbalanced and have a complex genetic structure. To reduce computing cost, it is common practice to employ a two-stage approach, where adjusted means per location are estimated and then a mixed model analysis of these adjusted means is performed. An important question is how means from the first step should be weighted in the second step. Our objective ...
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MILAS: springboard to the future for Vitelia Voeders
The search for an ERP solution that would better meet the needs of today and leave enough space for the possibilities of tomorrow, led animal feed manufacturer Vitelia Voeders to Adifo. The powerful combination of Adifo’s sector-specific ERP flagship MILAS and Microsoft Dynamics 365 turned out to perfectly meet Vitelia Voeders’ demand. The result: a customer ready for further growth ...
By BESTMIX
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Players, property rights and research in the plant sector: a historical perspective
Before we can speak about the different options for the future of management and the definition of property rights for living organisms in terms of property rights, access and benefit-sharing linked to genetic resources, it is necessary to analyse past developments. This gives us a better understanding and thus allows us to anticipate for the future, the links that could exist between the ...
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Full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection with the use of doubled Haploids
Doubled haploids are increasingly used in plant breeding, especially in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding. Their use can deeply change the interest of recurrent selection for the development of new hybrids. To show this, a full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection scheme using doubled haploids (DH FS-RRS) is proposed. Doubled haploid lines are derived from each population and they are then pair-crossed, ...
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Three cycles of recurrent selection for altered recombination frequency in maize
The variability among progeny in a plant breeding population depends on the amount of recombination that occurs in meiosis preceding selection. The recombination arises either from the independent assortment of chromosomes or from crossing over during chromosome synapsis. Crossing over is not a constant value; it differs based on background genotype. This research determined the effectiveness of ...
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Contribution of action researching to institutional innovation: a case study of access and benefit sharing (ABS) mechanisms in the participatory plant breeding (PPB) in Southwest China
This article investigates the contribution of action research to systemic institutional innovation, through a case study of access and benefit sharing (ABS) mechanisms developed in the context of a participatory plant breeding programme in Southwest China. The processes of purposeful change are examined as critical events, in eight episodes. Evidence is presented in these episodes of the role of ...
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Changes in genetic diversity of U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm over seven decades of cultivar development
Plant breeding methodologies have been applied to flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for approximately seven decades. As has been observed in several other crops, stringent quality requirements have resulted in use of conservative breeding strategies in the development of new cultivars. The impact of breeding practices on genetic diversity within U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm has not ...
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Development and characterization of large-scale simple sequence repeats in Jute
Jute is an important crop of the Indian subcontinent and comprises tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) and white jute (C. capsularis). The yield and fiber quality of this crop remained stagnant for many years and could not be improved through conventional plant breeding. Also, no effort has been made to develop molecular markers on a scale required for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to supplement ...
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