rice field Articles
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Simulating leaf appearance in rice
Most rice (Oryza sativa L.) simulation models assume that only temperature affects leaf appearance rate (LAR). This assumption ignores results from controlled environment studies that show that LAR in rice is not constant with time (calendar days) under constant temperature. The Streck model, which takes into account age effects on LAR, improved the prediction of leaf appearance in winter wheat ...
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Turning abandoned rice fields into mangroves
What do you do when mangroves fail to naturally recolonise abandoned rice fields in one of the most precious mangrove deltas of the world? Pieter van Eijk reports on a recent mission to Western Africa that paves the way for large-scale mangrove recovery through a so-called ‘ecological restoration’ approach. While small on a map, Guinea Bissau is one of the most sizeable mangrove ...
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World facing huge new challenge on food front: business-as-usual not a viable option
A fast-unfolding food shortage is engulfing the entire world, driving food prices to record highs. Over the past half-century grain prices have spiked from time to time because of weather-related events, such as the 1972 Soviet crop failure that led to a doubling of world wheat, rice, and corn prices. The situation today is entirely different, however. The current doubling of grain prices is ...
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Field trial carried out in the ebro valley, Spain case study
Rice farmers in Spain experience two major problems with their rice crops: After the flooding and fertilisation of the rice fields algal growth rapidly develops and covers the surface of the water in the paddy. This greatly reduces the availability of sunlight received by the seedlings until they have grown above the water level. This results in early stage plant loss which can be severe. The ...
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Microalgal oil production for use in rice farms in Albufera (València) region
In the Albufera (València) region of Spain, rice has been farmed for nearly 500 years. Post-harvest flooding of rice fields has become an integral element of wetland refuge for migratory birds. The steady rise in the cost of purchased inputs is causing considerable economic stress to the viability of rice farming in this region. In 2011, it has been estimated the cost of purchased diesel ...
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Multisensor Capacitance Probes for Simultaneously Monitoring Rice Field Soil-Water-Crop-Ambient Conditions
Abstract: Multisensor capacitance probes (MCPs) have traditionally been used for soil moisture monitoring and irrigation scheduling. This paper presents a new application of these probes, namely the simultaneous monitoring of ponded water level, soil moisture, and temperature profile, conditions which are particularly important for rice crops in temperate growing regions and for rice grown with ...
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Preflowering abortion reduces spikelet number in upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) under water stress
Spikelet number per panicle is a major target trait for improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in upland fields and is strongly affected by water stress. The rice panicle consists of rachis branches and spikelets, in which preflowering spikelet abortion often occurs. We investigated the effect of timing and intensity of water stress at the early reproductive stage on the morphology of rice ...
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A simple approach to assess N load capacity of rice paddy fields in the southern Taihu Lake watershed
High nitrogen (N) leaching from irrigated agricultural soils is the result of N input exceeding soil N load capacity (NLC). A simple approach was developed in this research to assess the NLC of paddy soils in the southern Taihu Lake watershed. Paddy soils were classified into four types (Submergenic, Illuvium, Gleyed, and Percogenic) and 28 soil samples representing all four types were ...
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Effect of straw leachates from Cry1Ca‐expressing transgenic rice on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Because of the prevalence of algae in rice paddy fields, they will be exposed to Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) proteins released from Bt protein‐expressing genetically engineered rice. To assess the effects of leachates extracted from Cry1Ca‐expressing transgenic rice (T1C‐19) straw on the microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa, we added purified Cry1Ca (10, 100, 1000 µg/L) and five concentrations of ...
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Dissipation and residues of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in rice under field conditions
Residue analysis of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite (CGA 321113) in rice matrices, paddy water, and soil was developed using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). The method was used to evaluate the dissipation rate of trifloxystrobin and CGA 321113 in rice seedling, soil, and ...
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Anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure with rice straw: economic & energy feasibility
Rice straw (RS) is one of the most abundant wastes generated in Valencia (Spain). Traditional waste disposal methods are harmful to the environment. The straw burning emits large amounts of toxic air pollutants and the straw burying produces uncontrolled anaerobic fermentation in the soil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of cow manure anaerobic co-digestion with RS in a ...
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Rice growth, grain yield, and floodwater nutrient dynamics as affected by nutrient placement method and rate
The loss of major nutrients can be high in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields, particularly rainfed rice, where water flowing from field to field during periods of high rainfall not only reduces the nutrient use efficiencies but also has the potential for environmental degradation. We examined the influence of deep point placement of N, P, and K briquettes compared to broadcast incorporation of N, P, ...
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An alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime improves root and shoot growth in rice
A major challenge in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is to achieve the dual goal of increasing food production and saving water. This study aimed to investigate if alternate wetting and drying regimes could improve root and shoot growth and consequently increase grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Two rice varieties were field-grown at Yangzhou, China in 2005 and 2006. Three irrigation ...
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This man turned an opium field into a sustainable coffee farm in Thailand
Somsak Sriphumthong is on a caffeine-fueled mission. After years living and working abroad, the organic farmer and community leader returned to his native Thailand several years ago — during a time when the forests were being cleared for opium fields and rice plantations. Seeking a sustainable alternative, he started growing and selling organic coffee beans on reclaimed land. Why coffee? ...
By Ensia
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Access to Energy: Empowering India’s Rural Communities
Tucked away in the southwestern corner of Odisha in the Bay of Bengal, the village of Keragam is home to around 230 families, most of whom are farmers. They live about 30km from the nearest town, while the state capital, Bhubaneswar, is an 11-hour drive away. Those who work the land here do so in relative isolation; they grow rice and sugarcane as best they can, in a patchwork of green and brown ...
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A hotter planet means less on our plates
In the Sunday November 22, 2009 issue of Outlook in the Washington Post, Lester Brown discusses the significant implications of food security in the upcoming Copenhagen Conference. As the U.N. climate-change conference in Copenhagen approaches, we are in a race between political tipping points and natural ones. Can we cut carbon emissions fast enough to keep the melting of the Greenland ice ...
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Can bats reduce nut farmers’ pesticide use?
Ecologist Katherine Ingram is on a quest to quantify the economic value of insect-eating bats in walnut groves. For the past three years, Katherine Ingram has had a most unusual summer job: catching bats and studying their droppings to see what they eat. A doctoral student in ecology at the University of California, Davis, Ingram is exploring the role bats can play as winged soldiers in the ...
By Ensia
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Facts & figures on palm oil
Introduction Palm oil is a vegetable oil that is a common ingredient in a wide variety of products, ranging from biscuits, bread and noodles to shampoo, candles and deter-gents. It has been estimated that around half of all packaged items found in supermarkets contain it. Palm oil is also used as biofuel. The use of palm oil is expected to continue growing, with an esti-mated doubling of use by ...
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A Decade After Asian Tsunami, New Forests Protect the Coast
The tsunami that struck Indonesia in 2004 obliterated vast areas of Aceh province. But villagers there are using an innovative microcredit scheme to restore mangrove forests and other coastal ecosystems that will serve as a natural barrier against future killer waves and storms. On the day that the Indian Ocean tsunami hit his village a decade ago, fisherman Hajamuddin was at sea. It was the ...
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Fungal diseases are on the rise. Is environmental change to blame?
Scientists and physicians are looking for clues to a worrying increase in fungal infections and exploring ways to reduce the threat. Fungi are everywhere — from the mushrooms that decompose fallen logs in the forest, to the mold that grows in your bathtub, to the microscopic fungal cells that reside naturally on your skin. Scientists estimate there are 1.5 million species of fungi on the ...
By Ensia
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