water conditioning Articles
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Ion ScaleBuster Water Conditioning - Food Dairy Cheese Maker - Case Study
OVERVIEW Mountain Goat Cheese is an artisan dairy facility specializing in goat milk cheese. WATER SYSTEM CHALLENGES The milk pasteurizer, the humidifier used for aging the cheese and the cleaning process had shown a general scale problem as to the high water hardness in the region. The owner‘s main concerns were the cheese quality and maintaining the equipment reliability for the short ...
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Simulation of sugarcane yield under salinity and water stress conditions with the OPDM model
Limitation of water resources and decline in the quality of soil and water have led to the use of saline water and application of management systems for reducing irrigation water. The subject of this study was to determine the effect of salinity and water stress on sugarcane yield in Iran with an operational and planning distribution model (OPDM) for 7 years (2002–2008). Irrigation scenarios ...
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Seawater Aquarium Case Study
Challenge The AquaDom aquarium is the biggest freestanding cylindrical aquarium in the world. It is home to 1500 fish and corals of 97 different species. All its 1000 m³ of water are recycled every hour in order to maintain the appropriate water conditions for sustaining life. Due to the recirculation of the water and the ineffectiveness of their phosphate removal filter, the level of ...
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Can water use efficiency be modeled well enough to impact crop management?
Crop water use efficiency (WUE, yield per unit of water use) is key for agricultural production with limited water resources. Policymakers and water resource managers working at all scales need to address the multitudinous scenarios in which cropping systems and amounts, timing and methods of irrigation, and fertilizer applications may be changed to improve WUE while meeting yield and harvest ...
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The Relationship Between the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve and the Unsaturated Shear Strength of a Compacted Glacial Till
Soils compacted at various “initial” water contents and to various densities should be considered as “different” soils from a soil mechanics behavioral standpoint even though their mineralogy, plasticity, and texture are the same. The engineering behavioral change from one specimen to another will vary due to differences in soil structure or aggregation. The shear strength of an unsaturated soil ...
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Irrigation scheduling under water shortage: investigation of scion-rootstock of peach and water deficit combinations
Adequate choice of variety, rootstock and irrigation techniques could be, together, sources of improvement of water use. A field experiment was carried out in northern Tunisia on two drip irrigated peach varieties grafted on two rootstocks. Two deficit levels, mild DI1 and severe DI2, were applied. Phenological survey allowed determination of the crop growth stages: initial, development, mid- ...
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Anisotropic flow resistance theory and experimental verification on partially submerged crop vegetation
The presence of orderly arranged rows and spacing of crop vegetation increases the anisotropy of the Earth's surface, and affects the resistance of the surface to overland flow. However, few studies have addressed how the orderly arrangement of crop vegetation affects the resistance of the surface to overland flow. In the present study, we consider that flow resistance has anisotropic ...
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Genetic variability of transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit among soybean cultivars
Simulation studies have demonstrated that the existence of a limitation on maximum transpiration rate (TR) at high air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in water-limited conditions could result in significant yield increases. A genotype of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (PI 416937) has been identified both with a slow-wilting phenotype in the field and limited TR above a VPD breakpoint (BP) of 2 ...
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Simulating switchgrass growth and development under potential and water-limiting conditions
Anticipating a demand for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a source for biofuel production, a crop simulation model of this crop can be a component of a biofuel decision support system. The objective of this effort was to develop and test a model for switchgrass, based on robust empirical relationships between plant behavior and the environment. The model simulates date of annual growth ...
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Preflowering abortion reduces spikelet number in upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) under water stress
Spikelet number per panicle is a major target trait for improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in upland fields and is strongly affected by water stress. The rice panicle consists of rachis branches and spikelets, in which preflowering spikelet abortion often occurs. We investigated the effect of timing and intensity of water stress at the early reproductive stage on the morphology of rice ...
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A comparison of two cotton cultivars differing in maturity for within-canopy fiber property variation
Improving uniformity in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber properties increases fiber processing performance. Our objective was to compare two cultivars differing in relative maturity for within-canopy variability of fiber physical properties and fiber surface chemical constituents. The cultivars (DPL 555 BG/RR [mid-full maturity] and PM 1218 BG/RR [early maturity]) were grown in plots on a ...
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Adaptation of the agricultural sector to the effects of climate change in arid regions: competitive advantage date palm cropping patterns under water scarcity conditions
This research paper highlights the adverse effects of climate change on the agricultural sector in Saudi Arabia and the actions taken to adapt to these adverse effects. Special focus was given to the potential to optimise the reallocation of scarce water resources among the competitive advantage date palm cropping regions in Saudi Arabia using a mathematical sector modelling approach. The ...
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Water quality sensors protect the health of aquaculture fish
Water quality sensor are an essential tool for aquaculture farmers, as they provide accurate and real-time data on the water conditions, allowing farmers to take timely and appropriate actions to protect the health of their fish. Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweed, is an important industry that provides food, employment. However, maintaining the ...
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Heritability of N2 fixation traits, and phenotypic and genotypic correlations between N2 fixation traits with drought resistance traits and yield in peanut
Drought stress reduces growth and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and also reduces nitrogen fixation (NF). Peanut production in drought prone areas should be enhanced by the development of cultivars that can fix more nitrogen (N) under drought conditions. The aims of this study were to estimate heritability for NF and to estimate phenotypic and genotypic correlations among traits related to ...
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Maximising herbicide efficiency - Case Study
The most important component in achieving an effective and efficient spray solution will always be the water source, so in hard water areas, using a good quality water conditioner is essential to prevent chemical breakdown and maximise herbicide performance. Around the country water can range from soft to hard and its pH can also vary depending on location. From Yorkshire down to the south coast ...
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Arsenic hyperaccumulation by
Pteris vittata andPityrogramma calomelanos : a comparative study of uptake efficiency in arsenic-treated soils and watersThis work comprised of the comparative study of arsenic (As) uptake efficiency by Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos grown in (i) As amended soils (0–600 ppm) and (ii) As tainted water (40 ppb) using a new compact continuous flow phytofiltration system in a tropical greenhouse. The As hyperaccumulation efficiency was dependent on the growth medium for the two fern species. The highest ...
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The value of seed harboured in Mediterranean temporary ponds
Temporary ponds and their varying water levels provide the conditions for valuable wildlife habitat. A study in Crete, conducted under the LIFE-Nature project1 Actions for the Conservation of Mediterranean Temporary Ponds in Crete, has demonstrated these ponds contain varied collections of seeds and that these ‘seed banks’ could play an important role in vegetation recovery after ...
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Simulating yield response of quinoa to water availability with aquacrop
The modeling of yield response to water is expected to play an increasingly important role in the optimization of crop water productivity (WP) in agriculture. During 3 yr (2004–2007), field experiments were conducted to assess the crop response to water stress of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in the Bolivian Altiplano (4000 masl) under different watering conditions (from rain fed, RF, to ...
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Improving the ceres-maize model ability to simulate water deficit impact on maize production and yield components
Crop models are potential tools for designing water-efficient strategies and should be tested for accurate prediction of water deficit effects on production. The objective of this research was to test and improve the CERES-Maize model (CERES-4.0) for ability to predict accurately maize biomass and grain yield components under water-limiting conditions in an environment where the model had ...
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Extension of an existing model for soil water evaporation and redistribution under high water content conditions
Most crop, hydrology, and water quality models require the simulation of evaporation from the soil surface. A model developed by J.T. Ritchie in 1972 provides useful algorithms for estimating soil evaporation, but it does not calculate the soil water redistribution resulting from evaporation. A physically-based model using diffusion theory, described previously by Suleiman and Ritchie in 2003, ...
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