water potential Articles
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Temperature Dependence of Soil Water Potential
To understand the process of coupled heat and water transport, the relationship between temperature and soil water potential must be known. Two clays, Avonlea bentonite and Lake Agassiz clay, are being considered as the clay-based sealing materials for the Canadian nuclear fuel waste disposal vault. Avonlea bentonite is distinguished from Lake Agassiz clay by its high sealing potential in water. ...
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Soil water thermal liquid diffusivity
The background of the thermal liquid diffusivity (TLD) concept was reviewed. Application of TLD to matric-head-based equations for water flow when a thermal gradient is present have been contradictory to the original development by Philip and de Vries (PdV). Beginning from Darcy's law for liquid water transport and Fick's law for water vapor transport was the foundational and well-known approach ...
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Soil water reserve estimation and vegetation relationships in a Mediterranean sub-humid forested catchment
A simple water balance model was used to calculate soil water reserve in a Mediterranean forested catchment. The relationship between soil water reserve and leaf water potential and stem water content was analysed. The usefulness of these variables as plant water status indicators was tested. The analyses were developed with a seven-year-long database (2001–2007) in the case of soil water content ...
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Are agricultural chemicals affecting our water?
With the rate at which modern towns and cities expand it’s inevitable that the volume of separation between agricultural facilities and highly populated areas is shrinking. The loss of these areas can have a lasting impact, particularly when it comes to our water supplies. From an increase in water treatment prices to potentially dangerous levels of nitrogen, agricultural facilities ...
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An alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime improves root and shoot growth in rice
A major challenge in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is to achieve the dual goal of increasing food production and saving water. This study aimed to investigate if alternate wetting and drying regimes could improve root and shoot growth and consequently increase grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Two rice varieties were field-grown at Yangzhou, China in 2005 and 2006. Three irrigation ...
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Postanthesis moderate wetting drying improves both quality and quantity of rice yield
A major challenge in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in China is to cope with a declining availability of fresh water without compromising grain yield and grain quality. This study was designed to determine if alternate wetting and moderate soil drying during grain filling could maintain grain yield and grain quality. Two rice cultivars, Zhendao 88 (japonica) and Shanyou 63 (indica), were ...
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Impact of varying planting Dates and tillage systems on cotton growth and lint yield production
As economic conditions deteriorated, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producers have looked to improve profit margins by reducing inputs while maintaining yields. Pairing the yield benefits from early planting with the input reductions from conservation tillage might help accomplish those goals. The objective was to determine how growth, lint yield, and fiber quality were impacted by planting ...
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Effects of silicon and drought stress on tuber yield and leaf biochemical characteristics in potato
Silicon has beneficial effects on many crops, mainly under biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon can affect biochemical, physiological, and photosynthetic processes and, consequently, alleviates drought stress. However, the effects of Si on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants under drought stress are still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Si supply on some ...
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Water-retention potential of Europe`s forests
A European overview to support natural water-retention measures One third of European territory is covered by forests (210 million ha). Approximately 296 million European inhabitants live in — or close to — forests. European forests are also closely connected to much of the hydrological network, and serve large groundwater bodies and many river sources. Forests provide more than 4 ...
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Weighing lysimeters for evapotranspiration research on clay soil
Local crop evapotranspiration (ET) measurements are needed for northeastern Louisiana. Objectives were to install, calibrate, and assess soil water characteristics of paired weighing lysimeters at Saint Joseph, LA. Installed in 2005, the lysimeters have inner tanks 1.5 m long, 1.5 m deep, and 1.0 m wide that rest on load cells within outer tanks. The inner tanks contain refilled Sharkey clay ...
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Performance Evaluation of Selected Soil Moisture Sensors
Abstract Irrigation water management practices could greatly benefit from using soil moisture sensors that accurately measure soil water content or potential. Therefore, an assessment on soil moisture sensor reading accuracy is important. In this study, a performance evaluation of selected sensor calibration was performed considering factory- laboratory- and field-based calibrations. The selected ...
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Opportunities for saving and reallocating agricultural water to alleviate water scarcity
As water scarcity worsens globally, there is growing interest in finding ways to reduce water consumption, and for reallocating water savings to other uses including environmental restoration. Because irrigated agriculture is responsible for more than 90% of all consumptive water use in water-scarce regions, much attention is being focused on opportunities to save water on irrigated farms. At ...
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Yield and water use response of cuphea to irrigation in the Northern Corn belt
Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. x C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton) may be prone to drought stress, yet little is known about the yield response of this new oilseed crop to irrigation. A field study was conducted in western Minnesota on a Barnes loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludolls) in 2002 and 2003 to compare yield and water use of irrigated and nonirrigated cuphea. ...
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Soil tensiometer
What is a soil tensimeter? Soil tensimeter uses the principle of negative pressure to measure soil moisture and studies soil moisture movement from the perspective of energy. Transparent PVC pipe can clearly see the amount of water, low-end with high-quality clay head, fast sealing, accurate measurement. Soil tensiometer is a practical method to measure soil condition by using a negative pressure ...
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Soil water movement under a drip irrigation double-point source
Particularly in dry regions, the scarcity of high-quality fresh water has heightened the importance of urban runoff water re-use, leading as well to the improvement of water use efficiency through the surface drip irrigation method. Given the limited research on wetting front migration under a surface drip irrigation emitter, soil water movement under a double-point-source irrigation emitter ...
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Sprinkler irrigation changes maize canopy microclimate and crop water status, transpiration, and temperature
During a sprinkler irrigation event some water is lost due to wind drift and evaporation (WDEL). After the irrigation event, plant-intercepted water is lost due to evaporation. The water lost causes microclimatic changes which could result in positive or negative plant physiological changes. We studied the microclimatic and physiological changes on two fields grown with maize (Zea mays L.) ...
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Assessing potential of water rights and energy pricing in making groundwater use for irrigation sustainable in India
Groundwater emerged as a major source of irrigation in India during the mid-1970s. However, a large expansion in well irrigation due to a massive rural electrification programme, government policies of promoting private tube well construction and large subsidies on electricity for agricultural use resulted in groundwater over-abstraction in many semi-arid and arid regions of India. In addition, ...
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Linking zebra mussel invasion and waterborne commerce in the USA
The zebra mussel, a non-indigenous species in North American freshwater ecosystems, has received significant attention over the past two decades as a costly and damaging invader. In the USA, federal-, state-, and local-level policies designed to control and/or prevent the spread of this species remain flawed, in that they do not everywhere account for (or enforce regulations over) all potential ...
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Potential water savings associated with agricultural water efficiency improvements: a case study of California, USA
This study analyzes the potential for water savings from irrigation efficiency improvements in California, USA. We model water savings associated with three efficiency scenarios in wet, average and dry water years. The ‘efficient irrigation technology’ scenario shifts a fraction of the crops from flood irrigation to sprinkler and drip systems; the ‘improved irrigation scheduling’ scenario uses ...
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Changes in water demands under adaptation actions to climate change in an irrigation district
Climate change will affect the water balance of irrigated agriculture. Therefore, farmers and irrigation managers should consider adapting to new scenarios. Changes in water demands in a Mexican irrigation district were studied using an irrigation-scheduling model. The impact on water demands of two potential adaptation actions, adjusting planting season and using longer-season varieties ...
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