Articles
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The use effect of poultry feed production machines
Poultry feed production machines directly make use of crushed materials such as corn, soybean dish, straw, yard, and rice husks to push pellets. The advantages of fowl feed manufacturing: high solidity, smooth surface area and inner maturity, which can enhance the food digestion and also absorption of nutrients. The granulation procedure can denature pancreatic enzyme resistance ...
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A functional hydrolysate adds value to feeds for omnivorous fish species
Omnivorous fish species are known to be less demanding in terms of nutritional and palatability requirements and yet dietary hydrolysate supplementation greatly improved production yields and margins. Several biological benefits are associated with protein hydrolysates and they have been used in finfish larval and juvenile diets for several decades now, mainly due to their high palatability and ...
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A tale of two developments of irrigation: India and USA
This paper offers a comparative study of economic history of two of the four largest irrigation systems in the world covering a period of about one hundred years, and points out the major lessons learnt from development experiences. This is especially significant since one is a developing country (which was considered a "more developed" irrigation system a century ago) and the other is a ...
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Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Freshwater Snail Species in Relation to Migration and Environmental Factors in an Irrigated Area from Morocco
Nine sites were sampled 19 times over 2 years in an irrigation system in Morocco in order to study species abundance in a snail community in relation to environmental parameters (including human activities) and migration (geographic distance) among sites. Each site was made of a sink and the first meters of the downstream canal. The snail community included four species (Bulinus truncatus, ...
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Vermicomposting of domestic waste by using two epigeic earthworms (Perionyx excavatus and Perionyx sansibaricus)
The composting potential of two epigeic earthworms (P. excavatus and P. sansibaricus) was studied in 2002 to breakdown the domestic waste under laboratory conditions. The experimental container with P. sansibaricus showed maximum mineralization and decomposition rate than that of P. excavatus. Except for exchangeable K (it was higher (P = 0.004) in a container with P. excavatus), the domestic ...
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Spectral Reflectance Properties of Winter Cover Crops in the Southeastern Coastal Plain
Conservation tillage is a commonly adopted best management practice for reducing runoff and erosion, and increasing infiltration. Yet current methodologies in place to monitor conservation tillage adoption are largely inappropriate for regional or national assessments. A major goal of this study was to evaluate the spectral response properties of four alternative winter cover crops using remotely ...
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Raising water productivity
With water shortages emerging as a constraint on food production growth, the world needs an effort to raise water productivity similar to the one that nearly tripled land productivity during the last half of the twentieth century. Worldwide, average irrigation water productivity is now roughly 1 kilogram of grain per ton of water used. Since it takes 1,000 tons of water to produce 1 ton of grain, ...
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The role of education and training levels of slaughterhouse workers in the cross-contamination of carcasses
Meat products are frequently implicated in foodborne diseases. The hygienic status of dressed carcasses is largely dependent upon the general slaughterhouse hygiene and the skills of the workers. Training, knowledge of food safety issues and communication skills of slaughterhouse workers were evaluated to identify their role in the contamination of carcasses. Face-to-face interviews were ...
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Common pool resources and communal control: empirical evidence from Himachal Pradesh, India
The Sirmour district, Himachal Pradesh, India, lies in the western Himalayan range. Mixed-farming is the main occupation in the mid-hills and basically consists of agriculture, livestock and forest produces. Hence, communal forests (mushtarka), common grazing lands (ghasnies) and gravity-flow irrigation systems (kuhl) were found to be the three major common pool resources in the villages of ...
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Application of household compost bin for diversion of organic wastes in small communities of Thailand
Natural ventilated and aerated composting units were developed for household, fresh market and restaurant wastes. Household wastes required 8-10 weeks of composting period. The final compost product contained N : P : K content higher than organic compost standard. In aerated unit, the composting period was 30-40 days. Economical analysis suggested Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio and Economical Internal ...
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A comparative history, from the 16th to 20th centuries, of irrigation water management in Spain, Mexico, Chile, Mendoza (Argentina) and Peru
This paper explores the long-term development of irrigation system management, and looks at the influence of legislation, irrigation system size, scalar stress and polarized land tenure in the existence and success of self-management. The case studies are drawn from regions of the former Spanish Empire. Hispanic America, between the 16th and early 19th centuries, as part of the Spanish Empire, ...
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Decision support system for irrigation maintenance in Indonesia: a multi-objective optimization study
Maintenance of irrigation infrastructure is essential to sustain food production and farmers' earnings. Given the shortage of funds for maintenance in developing countries, it is critical to understand the degradation of the function of irrigation systems so that optimal budget allocations can be made. A case study of Indonesia proposes an Infrastructure Density Index that can be used to justify ...
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Design of drip irrigation lateral for optimum capital and operating cost
The drip irrigation system cost can be reduced effectively by using optimal design methods and decreasing the system pressure. In this paper, a two-stage optimum drip irrigation lateral design model is developed based on a new uniformity formula that includes hydraulic variation, emitter manufacture’s variation, and field roughness variation. The non-linear objective function minimizes the ...
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Lg Sonic Ultrasonic Algae and biofilm control for irrigation case study
Water used for irrigation can contain high levels of nutrients, some of these nutrients are beneficial for the plants watered, but can also lead to extensive algal growth. Algae in irrigation tanks can clog the irrigation system and can also be spread over the irrigated area. In addition, some types of fungus, also present in these waters, can be harmful for the plants grown. Therefore the ...
By LG Sonic
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Reuse of dairy lagoon wastewater through SDI in forage crops
Abstract California has become the leading dairy products producing state in the USA. This has resulted in farms commonly milking several thousand cows per day. The care and feeding of the animals has produced large waste streams commonly collected and stored in lagoons. Environmentally safe handling and reuse of the lagooned wastewater is the objective of this study. A system of Subsurface Drip ...
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Novel simulation-based algorithms for optimal open-loop and closed-loop scheduling of deficit irrigation systems
The scarcity of water compared with the abundance of land constitutes the main drawback within agricultural production. Besides the improvement of irrigation techniques a task of primary importance is solving the problem of intra-seasonal irrigation scheduling under limited seasonal water supply. An efficient scheduling algorithm has to take into account the crops' response to water stress at ...
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Water Quality, Soil and Managing Irrigation of Crops
The book entitled Water Quality, Soil and Managing Irrigation of Crops comprises three sections, specifically: Reuse Water Quality, Soil and Pollution which comprises five technical chapters, Managing Irrigation of Crops with four, and Examples of Irrigation Systems three technical chapters, all presented by the respective authors in their own fields of expertise. This text should be of interest ...
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Irrigation - Water Management, Pollution and Alternative Strategies
Irrigated agriculture is the most significant user of fresh water in the world and, due to the large area occupied, is one of the major pollution sources for the water resources. This book comprises 12 chapters that cover different issues and problematics of irrigated agriculture: from water use in different irrigated systems to pollution generated by irrigated agriculture. Moreover, the book ...
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Turkey: Transfer of irrigation management to water users associations
Up to the early 1980s, operations and maintenance for irrigation systems was highly centralised, but this was imposing an increasing institutional and financial burden on the government. Contributing factors were: very low ratio of billing and collection rates or no collection at all; very high water consumption, even wastage; no cost recovery for investment; and no local interest by the farmers ...
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A Green Revolution of the Synthetic Kind
Richard is a happy man. He stands barefoot in the grass, watching his kids running around on his front lawn, chasing and falling all over each other like puppies. The only thing different in Richard’s front yard, compared to the other yards in his neighborhood, is that his is still green. While drought may have left the rest of the yards dry and brown, Richard’s lawn somehow manages ...
By Forest Grass
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