Validation of a standard field test method in four countries to assess the toxicity of residues in dung of cattle treated with veterinary medical products
Registration of veterinary medical products (VMPs) includes the provision that field tests may be required to assess potential non‐target effects associated with the excretion of product residues in dung of treated livestock (Phase II, Tier B testing). However, regulatory agencies provide no guidance on the format of these tests. Here, we report development of a standardized field test method designed to serve as a Tier B test. Dung was collected from cattle before and up to two months after treatment with a topical application of a test compound (ivermectin). Pats formed of dung of the different treatments were placed concurrently in the field to be colonized by insects. The abundance, richness, and diversity of insects developing from egg‐to‐adult in these pats were compared across treatments using Analysis of Variance tests. Regression analyses were used to regress abundance, richness, and diversity against residue concentrations in each treatment. Results of the regression were used to estimate mean lethal concentration (LC50) values. The robustness of the method and repeatability of its findings were assessed concurrently in four countries (Canada, France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands) in climatically diverse ecoregions. Results were generally consistent across countries, and support the method's formal adoption by the European Union to assess the effects of VMP residues on the composition and diversity of insects in dung of treated livestock. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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