490 Articles found
IWA Publishing Articles
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Improving real-time reservoir operation based on combining demand hedging and simple storage management rules
A number of deterministic reservoir optimization models are capable of finding optimal basin allocation over multiple time steps simultaneously. This is commonly referred to as Multiple Time Step Optimization (MTO). However, such solutions are ...
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Rainfall and river flows are predictors for β-glucuronidase positive <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> accumulation in mussels and Pacific oysters from the Dart Estuary (England)
Rainfall and river flows are environmental variables influencing the microbial status of bivalve mollusc harvesting areas. This study investigated spatial and temporal relationships between rainfall, river flows and concentrations of Escherichia ...
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Pathogen destruction and solids decomposition in composting latrines: study of fundamental mechanisms and user operation in rural Panama
The relationship between temperature, high pH, desiccation, decomposition, pathogen destruction, and user operation in active double vault urine diverting (DVUD) composting latrines located in the Bocas del Toro region of Panama was assessed. ...
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Kinetic study of compost liquor nitrification
This study is a first kinetic approach about the compost liquor treatment by activated sludge. This industrial wastewater is highly loaded in organic and nitrogen compounds (COD≈12,000 mg L−1 and NH4+-N≈4,000 mg L−1). The possibility of its ...
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Toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of Cr (VI) and Hg (II) on differential concentration by <italic>Eichhornia crassipes</italic> in hydroponic culture
In this work, the phytoremediation of Cr (VI) and Hg (II) ion from water by an aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes has been studied. Plants were cultured in a double distillated water with modified Hoagland’s nutrient solution at pH 6.8 supplemented ...
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Genotoxicity of swine effluents
This study aimed at the investigation of genotoxic effects of swine effluents from different stages of a treatment system for swine wastes through bioassay of stamen hairs and micronuclei in Tradescantia (clone BNL 4430). No significant differences ...
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Artificial Neural Network for predicting biosorption of methylene blue by <italic>Spirulina</italic> sp.
An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the biosorption of methylene blue on Spirulina sp. biomass. Genetic and anneal algorithms were tested with different quantity of neurons at the hidden layers to determine the optimal neurons in ...
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Residence time and contact volume in sloped compost and compost/vegetated filter beds
Little is known about transport mechanisms in sloped dormant vegetated and compost only filters for roadway runoff. Residence time experiments were carried out in triplicate in 0.254 m wide × 0.65 m long by 0.10 m deep beds using a bromide tracer. ...
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Potential bioavailability of phosphorus in citrus orchard soil to <italic>Microcystis aeruginosa</italic>
Algal blooms in eutrophic water bodies are controlled by inputs of phosphorus (P) as the growth-limiting nutrient. Runoff particulate P associated with soil from fields often predominates among P fractions. Here, an algal bioassay to investigate the ...
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Modelling the impacts of reservoir operations on the downstream riparian vegetation and fish habitats in the Lijiang River
River flow regulations have great impact on the downstream aquatic ecosystem. It is important to investigate the response of target species to the changes in hydrological regimes so that we can explore possible remediation measures. Ecohydraulics ...
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Export and import of virtual water from different states of India through food grain trade
The geographical area of India is 3.29 × 106 km2 and the annual average precipitation is about 4000 km3 (about 1215 mm depth over the country). Large variations in agricultural practices, climate and land productivity result in large variations in ...
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Modelling regional general equilibrium effects and irrigation in Canterbury
We describe the development of a regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for the analysis of issues concerning water supply and (re)allocation in Canterbury, New Zealand. Traditionally, water has been seen as an abundant resource, but ...
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Implementing participatory irrigation management in Thailand
Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) was formally adopted in Thailand in 2004. The involvement of farmers in water management decision making is necessary to meet the implementation challenges of this initiative. As such, the research presented ...
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Explaining differential sources of zoonotic pathogens in intensively-farmed catchments using kinematic waves
Surveys in streams draining intensively farmed catchments can, during flood events, indicate differential time-concentration patterns between a bacterial health-risk indicator (E. coli) and a major zoonotic pathogen that it seeks to ...
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Performance and inhibition recovery of anammox reactors seeded with different types of sludge
In order to study the performance, inhibition and recovery processes of different types of anammox sludge, three up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors were inoculated with flocculent sludge, granular sludge, and cultured inactive methanogenic ...
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Nitrogen recovery from source-separated human urine using clinoptilolite and preliminary results of its use as fertilizer
The use of source separated human urine as fertilizer is one of the major suggestions of the new sanitation concept ECOSAN. Urine is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which act as plant nutrients, however its salinity is high for ...
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Use of portable ultrasonography to determine ovary size and fecundity non-lethally in northern pike (<italic>Esox lucius</italic>) and white sucker (<italic>Catostomus commersoni</italic>)
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using field-based portable ultrasonography to accurately estimate ovary weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and fecundity in large-bodied fish species. These reproductive endpoints were ...
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The sorption of copper on almond shell: optimization and kinetics
Batch sorption studies using almond shell as an sorbent for the removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions, showed that copper removal decreased from 74.9% to 45.6% with increasing its concentration from 10 to 70 ppm. The removal increased with ...
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Effects of wastewater irrigation on soil properties and turfgrass growth
Reuse of treated wastewater for turf irrigation is often viewed as one way to maximize existing urban water resources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of treated wastewater for turfgrass and assess the effects of continuous ...
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Treatment of high loaded swine slurry in an aerobic granular reactor
Aerobic granular sludge grown in a sequential batch reactor was proposed as an alternative to anaerobic processes for organic matter and nitrogen removal from swine slurry. Aerobic granulation was achieved with this wastewater after few days from ...