322 Articles found
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Articles
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Clothianidin in agricultural soils and uptake into corn pollen and canola nectar after multi‐year seed treatment applications
Limited data are available on the fate of clothianidin under realistic agricultural production conditions. This is the first large‐scale assessment of clothianidin residues in soil and bee‐relevant matrices from corn and canola fields after ...
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Concentration dependence of biotransformation in fish liver S9: Optimizing substrate concentrations to estimate hepatic clearance for bioaccumulation assessment
In vitro bioassays to estimate biotransformation rate constants of contaminants in fish are currently being investigated to improve bioaccumulation assessments of hydrophobic contaminants. The present study investigates the relationship between ...
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Metal contaminant accumulation in the hive: Consequences for whole colony health and brood production in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)
Metal pollution has been increasing rapidly over the past century, and at the same time, the human population has continued to rise and produce contaminants that may negatively impact pollinators. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) forage over large ...
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Life history traits and the activity of antioxidative enzymes in Lymantria dispar L. (lepidoptera, lymantriidae) larvae exposed to benzo[a]pyrene
Increased presence of benzo[a]pyrene in the environment underlines the need for development of sensitive biomarkers for monitoring. Antioxidative enzymes could be used as early‐warning signals because of their sensitivity and applicability. The ...
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Is the chronic Tier‐1 effect assessment approach for insecticides protective for aquatic ecosystems?
We investigated the appropriateness of several methods, including those recommended in the Aquatic Guidance Document of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), for the derivation of chronic Tier‐1 Regulatory Acceptable Concentrations (RACs) ...
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Acute and chronic toxicity of neonicotinoids to nymphs of a mayfly species and some notes on seasonal differences
Mayfly nymphs are amongst the most sensitive taxa to neonicotinoids. This paper presents the acute and chronic toxicity of three neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) to a mayfly species (Cloeon dipterum) and some notes on ...
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Neonicotinoid insecticide residues in soil dust and associated parent soil in fields with a history of seed treatment use on crops in Southwestern Ontario
Using neonicotinoid insecticides as seed treatments is a common practice in field crop production. Exposure of non‐target organisms to neonicotinoids present in various environmental matrices is debated. Concentrations of neonicotinoid residues ...
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Ecological impacts of fluridone and copper sulphate in catfish aquaculture ponds
Fluridone and copper sulphate are often used for controlling macrophytes and algae in aquaculture ponds. The present study examined the ecological effects of these chemicals on macrophyte, phytoplankton, and zooplankton biomass, plankton ...
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Effects of the boscalid fungicide Filan® on the marine amphipod Allorchestes compressa at environmentally relevant concentrations
Fungicides are widely used in agriculture to control fungal diseases. After application, fungicides can be transported offsite to surface and ground water and ultimately enter estuarine/marine environments. The presence of fungicides in the ...
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Assessing the risk to green sturgeon from application of imidacloprid to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington. II: Controlled exposure studies
The activities of two species of burrowing shrimp have a negative impact on the growth and survivalofoysters reared on intertidal mudflats in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, Washington. In order to maintain viable harvests, oyster growers proposed ...
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Toxicokinetics of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined to respirometer‐metabolism chambers were dosed with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) by intra‐arterial injection and sampled to obtain concentration time‐course data for plasma, and either urine or ...
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Field scale examination of neonicotinoid insecticide persistence in soil as a result of seed treatment use in commercial maize (corn) fields in Southwestern Ontario
Neonicotinoid insecticides, especially as seed treatments, have raised concerns about environmental loading and impacts on pollinators, biodiversity and ecosystems. We measured concentrations of neonicotinoid residues in the top 5 cm of soil ...
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Modeling fish production for Southern California's petroleum platforms
California's oil platforms are nearing the end of their productive lives, and therefore will be decommissioned in the near future. These structures have been shown to be important habitat for both settlement and growth for reef fishes. Important ...
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Damage suffered by swamp morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) exposed to vanadium(V)
To elucidate the physiological and morphological responses generated by vanadium (V) in plants, hydroponic culture experiments were performed with swamp morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) exposed to 0 to 2.50 mg L−1 pentavalent V [V(V)] in ...
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Field degradation of aminopyralid and clopyralid and microbial community response to application in Alaskan soils
High latitude regions experience unique conditions that affect the degradation rate of agrochemicals in the environment. In this study, data collected from two field sites in Alaska (Palmer and Delta) were used to generate a kinetic model for ...
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Effects of pulsed atrazine exposures on autotrophic community structure, biomass, and production in field‐based stream mesocosms
We performed a multiple‐pulsed atrazine experiment to measure responses of autotrophic endpoints in outdoor stream mesocosms. The experiment was designed to synthetically simulate worst‐case atrazine chemographs from streams in agricultural ...
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Adsorption and degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in soils: A review
The primary aim of this review on the phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides (2,4‐D, MCPA, dichlorprop‐P, mecoprop‐P, 2,4‐DB and MCPB) was to compare the extent of their adsorption in soils and degradation rates to assess their potential for groundwater ...
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Development and comparison of four methods for the extraction of antibiotics from a vegetative matrix
Studies have shown the potential for antibiotic uptake into food crops from irrigation water and soils containing pharmaceuticals. The objective of this study was to develop and compare methods quantifying uptake of antibiotics in food crops. ...
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Predicting the effects of copper on local population decline of two marine organisms, cobia fish and whiteleg shrimp, based on avoidance response
Fry of the marine fish Rachycentron canadum (cobia) and larvae of the estuarine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) were exposed to a copper gradient which ranged from 0.20 to 1.80 mg Cu/L for the experiments with cobia and from 0.10 to ...