Composting Plants Articles
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Evaluating the potential of an electronic nose for detecting the onset of anaerobic conditions during composting
Most bad odours in composting plants are formed under anaerobic conditions and often they could be avoided if detected early enough. In this project an electronic nose was used to evaluate the odours produced during a composting process at bench scale. The electronic nose consists of an array of electronic chemical sensors with partial specificity and an appropriate pattern recognition system ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Hybrid composting systems: appropriate technology for Austral-Asia?
Composting is a strongly emerging option in waste management in Austral-asia. It has been widely acknowledged that a successful integrated waste management strategy must adequately address the organic waste stream. Composting is the most economical, efficient and ecologically sustainable option to deal with organic waste if properly managed and economically and socially integrated into a ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Compost stability: a comparative evaluation of respirometric techniques
The new Paradigm in waste management promotes attitudes and processes that conserve resources and reduce pollution. Under this philosophy, organic waste is increasingly recognised as a recyclable material, a useful resource, making composting one of the key elements of modern waste management. As the composting industry is expanding rapidly there is a growing need for a simple, fast, relatively ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Odour pollution problems caused by composting activities in flanders: current situation and abatement strategies
In Flanders, garden fruit and vegetable (GFV) waste is selectively collected and composted in 7 composting plants, in six of which aerobic indoor composting is used. In the seventh plant waste is anaerobically digested first followed by an aerobic post-treatment. The total amount of waste composted was about 275 000 tons in 1997 (OVAM, 1999). The nominal capacity of the composting plants varies ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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“Jerez guadalete w.w.t.p.”: from sludge to biosolids, and finally e.u. ecological fertilizer?
‘Guadalete W.W.T.P’ began its operations in January 1994 in ‘Jerez de la Frontera’, in the province of Cádiz, southwestern Spain. 15.000 t of anaerobically digested dewatered sludge has been produced on a yearly basis over the last four years. An 11 hectares open-air windrow composting facility, privately owned and operated, has permitted sludge to be transformed into biosolids compost. Compost ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Principles for market-orientated production of compost products from the perspective of a plant operator
The treatment of biological waste, and composting in particular, has received a great boost in recent years since the introduction of source separation for biological waste in the 1980s. At the same time, legal regulations and guidelines for the construction of composting plants, production and trading of compost products were expanded. At present, about 6.5 million tonnes of biological waste is ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Composting in flanders: the vlaco experience
Currently, the Flanders waste policy is based on the so-called ‘ladder of Lansink’. Six aerobic composting and one anaerobic digestion plant are operational for the treatment of biowaste. Some new composting plants are foreseen for 1999 and/or 2000. Composting retention time varies from 10 to 15 weeks. Green waste is treated in 15 open air composting plants. With respect to the use of compost ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Investigations into the possibility to compost paraffincoated packaging materials
Utilisation of biodegradable materials is indispensable for effective economic operation (Soyez, 1998). However, the requirements to be met by the application characteristics sometimes prevent use of such materials. For example, packaging materials for foodstuffs, where protection of the contents is the predominant aim, are required to display hydrophobic properties. Paraffin-coated papers have ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Occupational hygiene at a drum composting plant in Hyvinkää, Finland
Refuse disposal and treatment must be safe for employees. Organic dust of waste origin, perhaps containing microbes, may be harmful to health. Microbes, especially fungi but also thermophilic Actinomycetes bacteria, may cause allergy and asthma (Terho et al. 1993; Madigan et al. 1997). Usually fungi cause hypersensitivity (Madigan et al. 1997) and the most common syndrome is allergic rhinitis ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Deregulation and voluntary self-regulation of producers of compost and secondary raw-material fertilizers -against the background of the biowaste and fertilizer ordinances
Since the RAL (Institute for quality assurance and labelling) introduced the quality mark for compost in 1992, more than 300 German composting plants have decided to adopt this voluntary quality control system. This system has significantly helped to define characteristics of high-quality, marketable composts. The quality standards agreed upon with the end-user are guaranteed and monitored within ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Effects of biowaste compost on vegetative growth, Yield and fruit quality of james grieve apples
In Lower Austria 69 agricultural composting plants are in operation in addition to municipal and commercial composting plants. The agricultural composting plants process separately collected organic household waste as contractual partners for the neighbouring municipalities. The compost produced is used to a large extent on the agricultural fields of the plants' owners. In order to improve the ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Policy issues for composting development: notes from Italy
Composting in Italy is growing fast. More than 600 Municipalities are running source separation programs for food waste at present. As a consequence, the number of composting plants for source separated materials is steadily growing: 72 industrial composting sites were recorded in November 1998. This figure does not include those small sites (less than 1000 Mg/y) that compost only yard waste. ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Compost based products: history, recent activities, chances
The amount of compost originating from source separated organic household waste collection in Germany is still increasing. At the end of the year 1997, app. 3.0 to 3.5 millions Mg fresh matter of non-mature and mature compost were produced in 515 composting plants with an input of respectively more than 1.000 Mg organic waste per year in Germany. According to Mellen (1998) an estimated 27% of the ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Technical and financial evaluation of composting programs in Asia
Because the solid wastes of Asian cities are typically comprised of 70-85% organics, dirt and dust (Furedy, 1989b), composting has long been considered an interesting option to reduce the amounts of waste to be transported and disposed of in landfills. Furthermore, composting makes use of natural resources (i.e., the organic materials in wastes) that would otherwise be wasted. However, ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Combining primary collection with decentralised composting - a solution?
The environmental problems of urban areas extend over a wide range of spatial scales; i.e., the household, the place of work, the neighbourhood, the city, the wider region, and the world. In rapidly growing cities of the developing world, urban solid waste management (SWM) is currently regarded as one of the most immediate and serious problems faced by urban governments. Inadequate or unavailable ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Regulation of nitrogen contents of Composts during composting first experimental results
More than 3 Mio. Mg of compost were produced in Germany in 1998 (Wiemer and Kern 1998). Kitchen and garden waste from households as well as waste from landscaping and parks were used as substrates to a high extent. The composts were mainly used in landscaping, recultivation, horticulture, substrate production and in agriculture. Applied on cultivable land compost can improve the soil structure ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Quality of compost: the experience of veneto region
The Regional Administration of Veneto Region (Italy) established in 1991 the rules for authorisation of composting plants for treatment of pre-selected organic wastes, including urban sludges, organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and animal manure. Also chemical composition of compost were regulated (Table 1). Some composting plants started working in 1994; at the moment seven farms are ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Effects of biowaste compost amendment on soil microbial biomass and specific carbon turnover in agricultural soils
The importance of biowaste compost as organic fertilisers has become more emergent in the last years due to the increased production of compost produced from biowaste. The utilisation of organic fertilisers in agriculture improves the physical, chemical and microbial properties of soils (Allievi et al., 1993; Senesi, 1989). Amendment of compost affects several soil properties positively like e.g. ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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New standardised product sheet for compost in Denmark
The project was initiated in 1996 by the Working Group on Biological Treatment of Waste within the industry association Danish Waste Management Association (ISWA in DK). It should culminate in a voluntary measurement as a way to improve the quality, use and sale of, as well as confidence in compost. At the same time the project should improve the service provided from the professional ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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