Crop Cultivation Articles
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Using Technology to cut carbon emissions and improve agriculture
Greenhouse gases from agriculture account for more than 10% of total emissions globally, roughly equivalent to the entire global transport sector. Meanwhile, it is estimated that agricultural production will need to increase by about 70% by 2050 to keep pace with global population growth. What’s more, the real impacts of climate change on the agricultural ...
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Advanced characterization of algogenic organic matter, bacterial organic matter, humic acids and fulvic acids
Advanced characterization techniques of organic matter, including bulk organic characterization, size-exclusion chromatography, three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fractionations using Amberlite XAD-8/4 resins, were used to investigate differences and similarities in the physicochemical properties of four different organic matter, ...
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Indonesia extends its Forest Moratorium: What comes next?
Indonesia’s President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono made a bold and courageous decision this week to extend the country’s forest moratorium. With this decision, which aims to prevent new clearing of primary forests and peat lands for another two years, the government could help protect valuable forests and drive sustainable development. Enacted two years ago, Indonesia’s forest ...
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Full Planet, Empty Plates: Chapter 2. The Ecology of Population Growth
Throughout most of human existence, population growth has been so slow as to be imperceptible within a single generation. Reaching a global population of 1 billion in 1804 required the entire time since modern humans appeared on the scene. To add the second billion, it took until 1927, just over a century. Thirty-three years later, in 1960, world population reached 3 billion. Then the pace sped ...
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Evaluating the effect of climate variation on the cost efficiency of a crop permit policy in Southern Sweden
Current international agreements call for a significant reduction of nitrogen loads to the Baltic Sea. New measures to reduce nitrogen loads from the agricultural sector and an increased focus on cost efficiency will be needed to meet reduction targets. For policy design and evaluation it is important to understand the impact of weather on the efficiency of abatement measures. One new proposed ...
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The impact of climate change and soil salinity in irrigation water demand on the Gaza Strip
The presented work analyzes the potential impacts of the temperature, precipitation changes and water salinity on agricultural water demand. The study was carried out on five representative orchard crops (olive, palm, grapes, citrus and guava) that cover around 83% of the orchard farms in Gaza Strip. To achieve this goal, CropWat modeling software version 8.0 is used to calculate the ...
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Inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum L. by industrial wastewaters
The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of different concentrations of wastewaters treated with Pseudomonas putida on various growth indices of durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Significant decreases in terms of root and leaf growth were observed. The phytotoxicity of textile wastewater was more pronounced on initiation times, germination percentages, root and leaf ...
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Characteristics of postharvest quality in regional fruits treated with ionising radiation
Quality postharvest of three cultivated species of the Northeast Region of Brazil was evaluated after receiving ionising radiation. Cashew peduncles (Anacardium occidentale L. var. Nanum) stored for 14 days under 6.5°C had presented best results in the sensorial analyses for external appearance, flavour and aroma when irradiated with 1 kGy. Sapodillas (Manilkara sapodilla (L) Van Roy en) ...
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Questions concerning the potential impact of glyphosate‐based herbicides on amphibians
Use of glyphosate‐based herbicides is increasing worldwide. Here we review the available data related to potential impacts of these herbicides on amphibians and conduct a quantitative meta‐analysis. Because only a little is known about environmental concentrations of glyphosate in amphibian habitats, and virtually nothing about environmental concentrations of the substances added to the ...
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Knowledge workers and the creation of an information society in Egypt
The Egyptian knowledge worker is developing within the framework of a variety of external factors. They must contend with the historical background which has created a hierarchical, risk–averse business environment. The regulatory environment is also lacking and despite recent improvements, there are still many changes to be made in order to cultivate knowledge workers. This paper looks at the ...
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Exergy analysis of a diesel engine operated with koroch seed oil methyl ester and its diesel fuel blends
This study focuses on exergy analysis of a single cylinder four stroke direct injection (DI) diesel engine using 10% (B10), 20% (B20), 30% (B30) and 40% (B40) blending of Koroch seed oil methyl ester (KSOME) with conventional diesel fuel. The analysis corresponds to steady state engine operations under variable load conditions. For each fuel operation at various loads, exergetic performance ...
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From Landfill to the Tomato Plant -- Purified Biogas Powers Greenhouse Operation
In 2009, the Board of Waste Management for the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada (RGMRM) found a biogas purification solution through an Eco-Tec Inc. system known as BgPur, which uses a patented, high efficiency gas-liquid contacting process, allowing H2S to be absorbed and the gas purified for reuse in power generation, cogeneration and heating applications. The aim was to purify the landfill ...
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Use of pressure manifestations following the water plasma expansion for phytomass disintegration
A prototype capable of generating underwater high-voltage discharges (3.5 kV) coupled with water plasma expansion was constructed. The level of phytomass disintegration caused by transmission of the pressure shockwaves (50–60 MPa) followed by this expansion was analyzed using gas adsorption techniques. The dynamics of the external surface area and the micropore volume on multiple ...
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Bimodal and multimodal descriptions of soil-water characteristic curves for structural soils
In the last decades several approaches have been developed to describe bimodal or multimodal soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs). Unfortunately, most of these models were derived empirically. In the presented study, physically based bimodal and multimodal SWCC functions have been developed for structural soils. The model involved two or more continual pore series; the probability density ...
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Research on microbial lipid production from potato starch wastewater as culture medium by
Lipomyces starkeyi In this paper, potato starch wastewater as culture medium was treated by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi to biosynthesize microbial lipid. The result indicated that carbon source types, carbon source concentration, nitrogen source types, nitrogen source concentration, inoculum size, and cultivation time all had a significant effect on cell growth and microbial lipid accumulation in ...
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Soil moisture dynamics modeling considering multi-layer root zone
The moisture uptake by plant from soil is a key process for plant growth and movement of water in the soil–plant system. A non-linear root water uptake (RWU) model was developed for a multi-layer crop root zone. The model comprised two parts: (1) model formulation and (2) moisture flow prediction. The developed model was tested for its efficiency in predicting moisture depletion in a ...
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A generic approach in estimating vegetation density for hydrodynamic roughness parameterization using high density airborne laser scanning data
Vegetation density is among the important parameters required for determination of hydrodynamic roughness over vegetated areas. High density airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data offer several potentials to improve estimation of vegetation density. Available methods in estimating vegetation density based on regression models did not take into account understorey vegetation and were ...
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Nitrate leaching from a potato field using adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system
The conventional methods of application of nitrogen fertilizers might be responsible for the increased nitrate concentration in groundwater of areas dominated by irrigated agriculture. Appropriate water and nutrient management strategies are required to minimize groundwater pollution and to maximize nutrient use efficiency and production. Design and operation of a drip fertigation system ...
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Stochastic order-based optimal design of a surface reservoir–irrigation district system
This paper explores the effects of streamflow uncertainty and the type of stochastic order, which is used for comparing stochastic variables, on optimal design of a reservoir multi-crop irrigation district system. Four nonlinear mathematical programs with an economic objective function including deterministic, stochastic-EXP with expected value order, stochastic-SD with stochastic dominance ...
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Distribution of moisture and salinity under deficit irrigation and irrigation water salinity in an alternative trickle irrigation system of tape
This study was performed to investigate the horizontal and vertical distribution of soil moisture and salinity using an alternative trickle irrigation system of drip tape. Four main treatments consisting of 100, 80, 70, and 60% of the plants’ water requirements and three sub-treatments of 2.1, 4.6, and 10.2 dS/m, were conducted. Following irrigation, the soil moisture and salinity ...
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