soybean Articles
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Varietal differences and morphology of cleistogamy in soybean
Cleistogamy, the production of open (chasmogamous, CH) and closed (cleistogamous, CL) floral forms by one species, is present in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Soybean cultivars that originated from high latitudes generally have a strong tendency to produce CL flowers. The first objective of this study was to determine varietal differences in cleistogamy. The second objective was to observe ...
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Combined effects of bisphenol A and cadmium on growth and nitrate assimilation of soybean seedling roots
Bisphenol A (BPA) and cadmium (Cd) pollution exist simultaneously in many regions. However, little information is available regarding the combined effects of BPA and Cd pollution on plants. Plant roots are in direct contact with the soil, which is an important compartment of BPA and Cd. Here, the effects of combined BPA and Cd pollution on soybean seedling roots were evaluated in pot ...
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Soybean response to inoculation and nitrogen application following long-term grass pasture
Current demand for soybean grain [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] may lead to a conversion of pasture and Conservation Reserve Program fields into soybean or corn (Zea mays L.) production. Our objective was to determine the effect of soybean seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium spp. and fertilizer N application rate on soybean productivity planted 1 and 2 yr after conversion to row crop production. ...
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Agronomic and economic performance characteristics of conventional and low-external-input cropping systems in the central corn belt
We conducted a 9-ha field experiment near Boone, IA, to test the hypothesis that yield, weed suppression, and profit characteristics of low-external-input (LEI) cropping systems can match or exceed those of conventional systems. Over a 4-yr period, we compared a conventionally managed 2-yr rotation system {corn (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]} with two LEI systems: a 3-yr ...
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Growth and nitrogen fixation in high-yielding soybean: Impact of nitrogen fertilization
In high-yielding soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] environments, N uptake during seed-filling may be constrained when the late-season decline in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is coupled with insufficient soil N. Three N-fertilization strategies were compared with a control (N0) on soybeans in 2006 and 2007 in a high-yield soybean-maize (Zea mays L.) rotation experiment established in 1999. ...
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Annual legumes for forage systems in the United States gulf coast region
Forage-livestock systems in the U.S. Gulf Coast are based on perennial C4 grasses. System productivity often is predicated on significant inputs of N fertilizer, but rapidly escalating fertilizer prices raise questions about the sustainability of these systems and provide impetus for legume research. There are few successful forage legumes in the region, suggesting that alternative species merit ...
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Sugarcane response to mill mud, fertilizer, and soybean nutrient sources on a sandy soil
Improving soil organic matter and soil fertility are important factors in the sustainability of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production. A 3-yr field trial was established in 2004 on a sandy Alfisol in Florida to compare the effect of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on sugarcane production. The three nutrient sources were (i) mill mud (filter cake, cachaza), (ii) local standard fertilizer, ...
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Nitrogen mass balance of a tile-drained agricultural watershed in East-Central Illinois
Received for publication September 10, 2008. Simple nitrogen (N) input/output balance calculations in agricultural systems are used to evaluate performance of nutrient management; however, they generally rely on extensive assumptions that do not consider leaching, denitrification, or annual depletion of soil N. We constructed a relatively complete N mass balance for the Big Ditch watershed, an ...
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Nitrogen mass balance of a tile-drained agricultural watershed in East-Central Illinois
Simple nitrogen (N) input/output balance calculations in agricultural systems are used to evaluate performance of nutrient management; however, they generally rely on extensive assumptions that do not consider leaching, denitrification, or annual depletion of soil N. We constructed a relatively complete N mass balance for the Big Ditch watershed, an extensively tile-drained agricultural watershed ...
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The profitability and risk of long-term cropping systems featuring different rotations and nitrogen rates
Yield comparisons do not provide the appropriate basis for decision-making regarding cropping systems. The dominant factor influencing the adoption of cropping systems is economics. The objective of this 15-yr study was to evaluate the long-term effect of four N fertilization treatments on the economic returns of seven crop rotations in Wisconsin, based on annual market prices and production ...
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Crop productivity and economics during the transition to alternative cropping systems
Many environmental benefits accrue from reducing tillage and increasing crop diversity; however, economic factors often encourage the continued use of intensive tillage and specialized crop production. This study examined crop yields, input costs, and economic returns during the transition to a range of cropping system alternatives in the northern Corn Belt region, including different system ...
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AquaCrop model simulation under different irrigation water and nitrogen strategies
On a global scale, irrigated agriculture consumes about 72% of available freshwater resources. Deficit irrigation can be applied in the field to save irrigation water and still lead to acceptable crop production. The AquaCrop model is a simulation model for management of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer. This model is a new model that is accurate, robust and requires fewer data inputs ...
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Soybean genetic improvement in yield and the effect of late-season shading and nitrogen source and supply
Genetic improvement in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield has been associated with both assimilate and N accumulation [especially from dinitrogen (N2) fixation] during the seed-filling period (SFP). Therefore, the physiological factors associated with genetic improvement may be dependent on abundant assimilate and N supply. The objectives of this study were to quantify genetic improvement in ...
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Soybean genetic improvement in yield and the effect of late-season shading and nitrogen source and supply
Genetic improvement in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield has been associated with both assimilate and N accumulation [especially from dinitrogen (N2) fixation] during the seed-filling period (SFP). Therefore, the physiological factors associated with genetic improvement may be dependent on abundant assimilate and N supply. The objectives of this study were to quantify genetic improvement in ...
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Reduced soil tilling helps both soils and yields
Agriculture degrades over 24 million acres of fertile soil every year, raising concerns about meeting the rising global demand for food. But a simple farming practice born from the 1930's Dust Bowl could provide a solution, according to new Stanford research. The study, published Dec. 6 in Environmental Research Letters, shows that Midwest farmers who reduced how much they overturned the soil -- ...
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Soybean genetic improvement in yield and the effect of late-season shading and nitrogen source and supply
Genetic improvement in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield has been associated with both assimilate and N accumulation [especially from dinitrogen (N2) fixation] during the seed-filling period (SFP). Therefore, the physiological factors associated with genetic improvement may be dependent on abundant assimilate and N supply. The objectives of this study were to quantify genetic improvement in ...
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Crop rotation and nitrogen input effects on soil fertility, maize mineral nutrition, yield, and seed composition
Knowledge of complex relationships between soils, crops, and management practices is necessary to develop sustainable agricultural production systems. Objectives were to determine how maize (Zea mays L.) would respond to monoculture (C-C), 2-yr rotation (C-S) with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], or 4-yr rotation (C-S-W/A-A) with soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago ...
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Greenhouse gas fluxes in an eastern corn belt soil: Weather, Nitrogen source, and rotation
Relative contributions of diverse, managed ecosystems to greenhouse gases are not completely documented. This study was conducted to estimate soil surface fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) as affected by management practices and weather. Gas fluxes were measured by vented, static chambers in Drummer and Raub soil series during two growing seasons. Treatments ...
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Corn grain yield response to crop rotation and nitrogen over 35 years
Crop rotation and N are management methods that can increase corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields. Our objective was to determine the corn grain yield response to six crop rotation sequences and four N rates in a long-term (35-yr) study. The rotations were continuous corn (CC), corn–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (CA), corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), corn-corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa (CCCAA), ...
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Change in Surface Soil Carbon under Rotated Corn in Eastern South Dakota
A diversified crop rotation may reduce fertilizer N inputs for corn (Zea mays L.) and increase soil organic C (SOC). Our objectives were to determine the effects of crop rotation and fertilizer N on soil C within the surface soil (0–15-cm depth). Rotations were started in 1990 on a Barnes sandy clay loam near Brookings, SD. Measurements of SOC began in 1996. Primary tillage since 1996 was chisel ...
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