field crop Articles
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Persistence and management of dinitroaniline herbicides residues in sandy loam soil
The addition of organic manure affects the biological, chemical and physical properties of soil that control the fate of herbicides. Three dinitroaniline herbicides were studied to asses their persistence, dissipation and residue management in sandy loam soil with and without addition of farmyard manure (FYM) under middle western Indian agro-climatic conditions. The herbicides, pendimethalin ...
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Long-term agronomic performance of organic and conventional field crops in the mid-atlantic region
Despite increasing interest in organic grain crop production, there is inadequate information regarding the performance of organically-produced grain crops in the United States, especially in Coastal Plain soils of the mid-Atlantic region. We report on corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Farming Systems Project ...
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Neonicotinoid insecticide residues in soil dust and associated parent soil in fields with a history of seed treatment use on crops in Southwestern Ontario
Using neonicotinoid insecticides as seed treatments is a common practice in field crop production. Exposure of non‐target organisms to neonicotinoids present in various environmental matrices is debated. Concentrations of neonicotinoid residues were measured in the top 5 cm of soil and overlying soil surface dust before planting in 25 commercial fields with a history of neonicotinoid seed ...
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Methane flux in cropland and adjacent riparian buffers with different vegetation covers
Received for publication September 12, 2008. While water quality functions of conservation buffers established adjacent to cropped fields have been widely documented, the relative contribution of these re-established perennial plant systems to greenhouse gases has not been completely documented. In the case of methane (CH4), these systems have the potential to serve as sinks of CH4 or may provide ...
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Estimating ground cover of field crops using medium-resolution multispectral satellite imagery
Remote sensing is useful for estimating plant canopy characteristics, such as leaf area index (LAI) and ground cover (GC). When the source of remote sensing data is medium-resolution satellite imagery, plant canopy characteristics can be estimated for numerous fields within an agricultural region. In this study, a procedure was developed to estimate GC of field crops from medium-resolution ...
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Implications of water policy reforms for virtual water trade between South Africa and its trade partners: economy-wide approach
This paper employs an economy-wide framework to evaluate impacts of water and trade policy reforms in South Africa (SA) on virtual water flows. To pursue this analysis, the study derives net virtual water trade flows between SA and its partners to assess implications of recent trade agreements within the South African Development Community compared to economic cooperation with other major ...
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A method of calibration and variance analysis with respect to the Penman-Monteith equation for the Turc, Hargreaves and Abtew potential evapotranspiration models
Introduction: The full ASCE/FAO-56 Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration (PM-ET) equation and crop coefficients are often employed for irrigation scheduling of open-field crops. To obtain PM-ET derived water-use figures requires access to full weather station datasets, which includes radiation, air temperature, wind-speed, and relative humidity measurements. Over the years there have been many ...
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Scouting for pest in Iowa cover crops
Landscape diversification, including the use of cover crops, can provide habitat and forage for beneficial insects. This is especially true in the spring when there is a lack of food. Alternatively, cover crops can also support field crop pests, including moths, beetles, flies and slugs. The early spring vegetation, sometimes called a “green bridge,” provides resources until the row ...
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Tackling hidden hunger in Malawi
Tackling Malawi's Hidden Hunger through Selenium and Iodine biofortification to green vegetables and conservation agriculture (CA) field crops Introduction In sub-Saharan Africa, micronutrient deficiencies are common in poor and rural areas, due to over-farmed, depleted soils and restricted diets. In Malawi, three-quarters of the population are selenium-deficient, which can lead to weakened ...
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Ground-based canopy reflectance sensing for variable-rate nitrogen corn fertilization
Nitrogen available to support corn (Zea mays L.) production can be highly variable within fields. Canopy reflectance sensing for assessing crop N health has been proposed as a technology to base side-dress variable-rate N application. Objectives of this research were to evaluate the use of active-light crop-canopy reflectance sensors for assessing corn N need, and derive the N fertilizer rate ...
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Influence of root exudates of watermelon on fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Niveum
Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus] production in the same field without rotation of crops leads to disease buildup and poor yields. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influences of root exudates produced by watermelon cultivars susceptible or resistant to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON). At low concentrations of root exudates ...
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Comparison of runoff quantity and quality under annual cropping and forages
Conversion from annual cropping to perennial forages may be a beneficial management practice (BMP) to reduce runoff quantity and improve surface water quality. Runoff variables were determined in two 30 ha producer's fields over 4 years (2004–2007) using a rainfall simulator. Field 1 was cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 2004 and then an alfalfa (Medicago sp.) and grass mix used for ...
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Effects of biowaste compost on vegetative growth, Yield and fruit quality of james grieve apples
In Lower Austria 69 agricultural composting plants are in operation in addition to municipal and commercial composting plants. The agricultural composting plants process separately collected organic household waste as contractual partners for the neighbouring municipalities. The compost produced is used to a large extent on the agricultural fields of the plants' owners. In order to improve the ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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Farming Smarter, Not Harder: Planning for Profit
Understanding cashflow & profitability when using farm management software The cost of farming has doubled over the past decade. The days of sifting through multiple files and places in search of field data, crop and marketing plans and financial statements is simply no longer a viable or time efficient option for today’s farmer. “I was frustrated because of the way I was keeping ...
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Agriculture minimum temperature
Agriculture minimum temperature Prediction of minimum temperature and frost damage is a common method and important application in the field of agriculture like outdoors crop growth. In particular those areas where vegetation can be exposed to low temperatures, frost can be disastrous for young vegetation or fruits.When the IR net radiation can be measured with the LP Net 14 four component net ...
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Assessing agroforestry`s advantages
Agroforestry, the deliberate placement of trees into crop and livestock operations, can help capture substantial amounts of carbon on agricultural lands while providing production and conservation benefits. However, we currently lack tools for accurately estimating current and projected carbon values in these systems. In North America, windbreaks are an effective carbon-capturing option. Only ...
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Mineral-nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization from a rice–rapeseed system as affected by 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate
Received for publication November 9, 2008. 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was validated as an effective nitrification inhibitor to reduce nitrate leaching. Its effects on ammonia (NH3) volatilization were not clear, especially on farmland scale with crop rotations. In this study, on-farm experiments at the Jiaxing (JX) and Yuhang (YH) sites in Taihu Lake Basin, China were conducted to ...
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Effortless Irrigation Management with V3 Irrigation Controller
Introduction Efficient irrigation management is crucial for maximizing crop yield and conserving water resources. The V3 Irrigation Controller offers a cutting-edge solution that simplifies and optimizes irrigation processes. This article explores the features, benefits, and applications of the V3 Irrigation Controller, highlighting how it revolutionizes irrigation management by providing ...
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Lighting Strategies for Leafy Greens Production
Greenhouse and indoor grown leafy greens and culinary herbs provide many advantages over field grown crops, including a more stable climate, more consistent time to harvest, the ability to control lighting, shading, CO2, and increased food safety. Low ambient light levels in the winter and on cloudy days, makes supplemental lighting essential for producing high quality, uniform greens year-round. ...
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Focal bird species and risk assessment approach for non‐agricultural grassland scenarios in Central Europe
The European Food Safety Authority guideline on risk assessment identifies pesticide exposure scenarios for non‐target wildlife, however this scheme is not applicable to non‐agricultural grassland. For example, different habitats and human utilisation on golf courses attract bird communities that differ from those found in agricultural fields with annual crop cycles. The present study ...
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