forage production Articles
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Preplant herbicides don`t increase forage production of cereal rye interseeded into bermudagrass
Interseeding cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) into a bermudagrass sod [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] can increase season-long forage production and land use efficiency. However, previous research has shown that competition from the bermudagrass sod can significantly reduce autumn forage production from cereal rye. Our objective was to determine if the application of a preplant herbicide to a ...
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A new method of poultry litter application to perennial pasture: Subsurface banding
Recently, incorporation of poultry litter by subsurface band application into pasture has been shown to reduce surface runoff transport of nutrients; however, data to evaluate the impact of this potential management strategy on forage production, forage nutrient concentrations, or the accumulation of soil nutrients after multiyear applications is limited. Therefore, two experiments, one in ...
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Modeling tiller density, growth, and yield of mediterranean perennial grasslands with STICS
A generic crop model (STICS) was adapted (STICS–Grassland) to model growth, yield, and environmental impacts of grasslands in France. It is a semimechanistic model combining equations of physiological processes and mathematical relationships between processes in a daily time step. The Information et Suivi Objectif des Prairies (ISOP; Grassland Information and Objective Survey) application was ...
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Grazing schedule effect on forage production and nutritive value of diverse forage mixtures
The use of complex mixtures (mixtures of more than three species) may increase yield of pastures; however, we know little about how grazing management affects the productivity of mixtures. A grazing experiment was performed during 2005 and 2006 near State College, PA, to compare mixtures of grasses, legumes, and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) for their botanical composition, nutritive value, and ...
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Improving soil nutrition with poultry litter application in low-input forage systems
Despite high volumes of manure production in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, there are still areas of forage production that are nutrient deficient because manures have traditionally been applied to higher-value row crops. This study was conducted to compare the effects of poultry litter and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility and forage production. Two sites had the same treatments ...
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Arrowleaf, crimson, rose, and subterranean clover growth with and without defoliation in the southeastern united states
Understanding the growth pattern of cool-season annual clovers is necessary to develop management practices that maximize forage production and identify compatible grass associations and farming systems. Plant density, light interception, shoot yield, and root yield of arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), crimson (T. incarnatum L.), rose (T. hirtum All.), and subterranean (T. subterraneum L.) ...
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Ecogeographic factors affecting inflorescence emergence of cool-season forage grasses
The ability to predict when a cool-season forage grass cultivar will begin inflorescence emergence under different ecogeographical conditions would allow plant breeders, agronomists, and grass-seed marketers to better position that cultivar into a forage production system. Our objective was to determine the ecogeographical factors (longitude, latitude, elevation, day of year when average daily ...
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Forage pasture production, risk analysis, and the buffering capacity of triticale
Many livestock producers minimize input costs by relying solely on naturalized, mixed-species pasture, but expose themselves to risks associated with forage yields that fluctuate in response to variable environmental conditions. This study was undertaken to assess winter triticale (xTriticosecale spp.) as a potential component of forage systems from the perspective of reducing forage yield risk. ...
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Ploidy determination and agronomic characterization of small burnet germplasm
Small burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop.) is an evergreen forb readily utilized by livestock and wildlife that lacks persistence under heavy grazing. Our objective was to characterize all available National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) small burnet germplasm for ploidy level and agronomic characteristics before initiating a breeding program. Ploidy level was determined by flow cytometry. Forage ...
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Biotechnology in developing countries: opportunities in solid state fermentation applied in the agricultural industry
This paper summarises the experiences in Israel and elsewhere of the biotechnological processing of organic matter experiences that could be applied in developing countries. Emphasis is given to relatively simple technologies, and the applications include preservation of forage crops and by-products, mushroom cultivation and recovery of plant cell contents. These technologies might increase milk ...
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Why in animal production feed efficiency is so important?
Feed efficiency improvement in farms is a global challenge because: Feed efficiency is important for farmer’s profitability Available surface for agriculture and feed/forage production is decreasing Human population and food demand are increasing in quantity and quality (animal proteins) Feed costs are increasing (direct and inputs) In the future we should produce more goods with ...
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Forage potential of intercropping barley with faba bean, lupin, or field pea
Annual cool-season grain legumes grown in mixtures with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), may offer advantages over barley sole crops for forage production. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of intercropping ‘Snowbird’ tannin-free faba bean (Vicia faba L.), ‘Arabella’ narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and ‘Cutlass’ field pea (Pisum sativum L.), along with legume planting ...
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The economic downturn. Is environmental resource conservation still possible?
The recent world wide economic crisis has drastically refocused our priorities. Many of us have seen our retirement portfolios dwindle and real estate values plummet, while federal, state and local governments are scrambling for funding as budgets disappear. Even obtaining financing for all but the essentials has become more difficult. Advisors caution U.S. President-elect Barak Obama that ...
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Forage yield and competition indices of Berseem clover intercropped with Barley
Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) should be intercropped with cereals for forage quality improvement, livestock bloat avoidance, and fertilizer requirements reduction. A 2-yr field study was conducted using a cultivar of berseem clover and two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars as sole crops compared to six berseem clover–barley intercrops planted at three seeding rates (250–338, ...
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Defoliation of panicled tick-clover, tweedy`s tick-clover, and tall bush-clover: i. Winter survival and yields of Nitrogen, herbage, and seed
Few native herbaceous perennial warm-season legumes are available for cultivation in the southern United States. Additional germplasm would be useful for pastures, biomass production, wildlife plantings, rangeland reseeding, or native prairie restoration. Three native perennial legumes were selected from an initial screening of north-central Texas germplasm for potential domestication based on ...
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Herbage, phosphorus, and nitrogen yields of winter-season forages on high-phosphorus soil
In climates where cool seasons can produce a forage crop, annual grasses and forbs can be used on dairies to recycle nutrients back to the animals and to phytoremediate soils high in P or N. In north-central Texas, on a Windthorst fine sandy loam (fine, mixed, thermic, Udic Paleustalf) with 250 mg P kg–1, an on-dairy trial measured yields of dry matter (DM), N, and P, as well as fiber fractions ...
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Maximizing Timothy forage yield and quality by balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur fertilization
A 3-yr (2005–2007) field experiment was conducted on a Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) loam near Star City, SK, Canada, to determine the influence of single and combined annual applications of N, P, and S fertilizers on timothy (Phleum pratense L.) forage dry matter yield (DMY), quality [concentration of crude protein (CP), nitrate N, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ...
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Impact of defoliation on corn forage quality
Hail damage can be a serious problem on corn (Zea mays L.) grown for silage. The value of corn grown for silage is a function of both the yield and quality of the forage produced. An improved understanding of the effects of defoliation on forage quality would improve the ability of agronomists, farmers, and crop insurance adjusters to assess the economic impact of hail damage to corn harvested ...
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Living mulch forage yield and botanical composition in a corn-soybean-forage rotation
Managing forages as living mulches during row crop production requires suppressing the forages to produce economical crop yields. The objective of this research was to identify forage plants with varied growth habit, persistence, and yield potential to provide desirable ecosystem functions in a multifunctional cropping system. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.), ...
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Seed-applied insecticides inconsistently affect corn forage in continuous corn
Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) is the major insect pest in the corn phase of a corn (Zea mays L.) silage–perennial forage rotation. Dairy producers may prefer seed-applied instead of soil-applied insecticides for rootworm control because of ease of use and additional control of some other soil insect pests. The objective of the 2-yr NY field study was to evaluate ...
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