Herbicide Management Articles
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Consolidation Roller Case Study
“With no new chemistry in the armoury for blackgrass control we must look towards cultural control techniques. Failure to realise this will almost inevitably lead to resistant blackgrass problems which can be a real threat to yields and ultimately crop viability. The three main cultural control techniques are rotational choice, delayed drilling, and the use of stale seed beds in conjunction ...
By Tillso
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Agroecology Taps a Wellspring of Farming Knowledge
Agroecology shares family farmers' evolving knowledge — and should go mainstream, says Fernando R. Funes-Monzote. Over recent decades, formal research and extension, led by governments and big enterprises, have led to novel answers for emerging problems in agriculture. However, these have generally failed small-scale farmers — one fifth of the world's population. Every day, ...
By SciDev.Net
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Paraquat adsorption on porous materials synthesized from rice husk silica
The goal of this work was to utilize rice husk silica (RHS) and porous materials synthesized with RHS, including mesoporous material (MCM-41) and microporous materials (zeolite NaY and NaBEA), for adsorption of herbicide paraquat. The adsorption occurred although cation exchange and the capacity decreased in the following order: NaY > NaBEA > MCM-41 > RHS, consistent with ...
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Effects of low levels of herbicides on prairie species of the Willamette Valley, Oregon
The relative sensitivity of 17 non‐crop plant species from Oregon's Willamette Valley was determined in response to glyphosate, tribenuron methyl (tribenuron) and fluazifop‐P‐butyl (fluazifop) herbicides. For glyphosate; Elymus trachycaulus, Festuca arundinacea, Madia elegans, Potentilla gracillis and Ranunculus occidentalis were the most sensitive species, based on a concentration calculated ...
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Questions concerning the potential impact of glyphosate‐based herbicides on amphibians
Use of glyphosate‐based herbicides is increasing worldwide. Here we review the available data related to potential impacts of these herbicides on amphibians and conduct a quantitative meta‐analysis. Because only a little is known about environmental concentrations of glyphosate in amphibian habitats, and virtually nothing about environmental concentrations of the substances added to the ...
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Agrochemicals in field margins—assessing the impacts of herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizer on the common buttercup (Ranunculus acris)
The effects of herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizer inputs on the common buttercup Ranunculus acris in field margins were studied in an experimental field study. The test design allowed us to investigate the single and combined effects of repeated herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizer applications in successive growing seasons. To assess the effects of the agrochemical applications on R. ...
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Modern food supply technology `key to affordable food`
The modernisation of farm-to-market supply chains is important for increasing farmers' income, alleviating poverty, cutting food waste and improving the affordability of food staples, according to the authors of a book. The Quiet Revolution in Staple Food Value Chains: Enter the Dragon, the Elephant, and the Tiger is a joint project by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the International Food ...
By SciDev.Net
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Pesticides in urban streams and early life stages of pacific coho salmon
Pesticides are frequently detected in urban streams and are believed to be primarily the result of homeowner use. Although concentrations in most cases are low (<1 µg/L), there is concern that pesticide inputs threaten efforts to restore and enhance salmon habitat. The authors exposed early life stages of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to a pesticide mixture (“cocktail”) representative of ...
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The relative sensitivity of macrophyte and algal species to herbicides and fungicides: An analysis using species sensitivity distributions
Lemna spp. are the standard test species representing aquatic macrophytes in the current risk assessment schemes for herbicides and plant growth regulators in the European Union and North America. At a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) workshop on Aquatic Macrophyte Risk Assessment for Pesticides (AMRAP), a Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) working group was formed ...
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Effects of the herbicide imazapyr on juvenile Oregon spotted frogs
Conflict between native amphibians and aquatic weed management in the Pacific Northwest is rarely recognized because most native stillwater‐breeding amphibian species move upland during summer, when herbicide application to control weeds in aquatic habitats typically occurs. However, aquatic weed management may pose a risk for aquatic species present in wetlands through the summer, such as the ...
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Effects of repeated pulsed herbicide exposures on the growth of aquatic macrophytes
Many contaminants are released into aquatic systems intermittently in a series of pulses. Pulse timing and magnitude can vary according to usage, compound‐specific physicochemical properties, and use area characteristics. Standard laboratory ecotoxicity tests typically employ continuous exposure concentrations over defined durations and thus may not accurately and realistically reflect the ...
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Multiple stressor effects of predation by rotifers and herbicide pollution on different Chlamydomonas strains and potential impacts on population dynamics
Environmental factors can interact with the effects of chemical pollutants on natural systems by inducing multiple stressor effects in individual organisms as well as by altering selection pressure on tolerant strains in heterogeneous populations. Predation is a stressful environmental factor relevant for many species. Therefore, the impact of predation by the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus on ...
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A silviculture application of the glyphosate‐based herbicide Visionmax to wetlands has limited direct effects on amphibian larvae
Herbicides are commonly used in agriculture and silviculture to reduce interspecific competition among plants and thereby enhance crop growth, quality, and volume. Internationally, glyphosate‐based herbicides are the most widely used herbicides in both of these sectors. Laboratory and mesocosm studies have demonstrated that some formulations are toxic to amphibian larvae below concentrations ...
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Root intrusion prevention
Nothing spells the death of a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system taster than root intrusion. With more growers placing drip irrigation lines below the soil surface, the need for a better understanding of how to keep roots out of drip emitters has also become more important. Work done at The ("enter for Irrigation Technology (GIT) over the past 10 years has given us some insight into how to ...
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Reuse of dairy lagoon wastewater through SDI in forage crops
Abstract California has become the leading dairy products producing state in the USA. This has resulted in farms commonly milking several thousand cows per day. The care and feeding of the animals has produced large waste streams commonly collected and stored in lagoons. Environmentally safe handling and reuse of the lagooned wastewater is the objective of this study. A system of Subsurface Drip ...
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How to create resilient agriculture
Durable food security and agricultural growth depend on development strategies with resilience built in from the start, says Gordon Conway. Economic growth with resilience to environmental threats will be central to the agenda of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) in June this year, which aims to map out a pathway of sustainable development for the planet. The 'zero draft', ...
By SciDev.Net
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Quantifying vapor drift of dicamba herbicides applied to soybean
Recent advances in biotechnology have produced cultivars of corn, soybean, and cotton resistant to the synthetic‐auxin herbicide dicamba. This technology will allow dicamba herbicides to be applied in new crops, at new periods in the growing season, and over greatly expanded areas, including postemergence applications in soybean. From past and current use in corn and small grains, dicamba vapor ...
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Trend of herbicide loads in the river Rhine and its tributaries
Many policies have been established and actions have been taken to reduce pesticide pollution of surface waters. However, the effectiveness of these initiatives was rarely tested on an empirical basis. This study suggests that evidence on the policy effects can be evaluated by analyzing the temporal changes in the loads rather than the concentrations of active ingredients in rivers. It is shown ...
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Evaluation of FTIR spectroscopy as a maturity index for herbicide-contaminated composts
This paper analyses the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a maturity index for herbicide-contaminated green wastes composts. Four in-vessel composting systems were set-up with Compost A constituting of uncontaminated grass clippings and Composts B, C and D contaminated with atrazine, 2,4-D and tordon 101 respectively. The physicochemical properties of the composts were ...
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5 fashion-forward fibres
Famous designers and popular fashion brands have recently looked into going green by using eco-friendly fibres in the manufacture of clothing and other apparel. Many have used organically grown cotton, hemp and natural wool, yet few have looked much further. Mother Nature has many versatile products up her tailored sleeve, so take a look at some of the future trends in fashion fibres. 1. ...
By green24
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