forage legume Articles
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Response of native Southeastern U.S. Legumes to root-knot nematodes
Identification of forage legumes well adapted to the southeastern United States is complicated by climatic, soil, and biotic factors. Among the pests that impact forage legume persistence are root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.). We hypothesized that legumes native to the region should have higher levels of resistance to RKN species that are common in this region due to long-term natural ...
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Nitrogen fixation of Sulla under Mediterranean conditions
Sulla coronaria (L.) B.H. Choi & H. Ohashi (=Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a Mediterranean forage legume grown extensively in rainfed Italian environments. Here we report the field quantification of its seasonal and annual N fixation, using the 15N isotopic dilution (ID) method, the influence of various nonfixing reference species on these estimates, and the allocation of fixed N between the ...
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Rhizoma peanut yield and nutritive value are influenced by harvest technique and timing
Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a warm-season perennial forage legume adapted to the southern USA. The objectives of this study were to evaluate harvest technique and timing on dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations of rhizoma peanut. Two experiments (one without irrigation and one with irrigation) each ...
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Polyphenol, conditioning, and conservation effects on protein fractions and degradability in forage legumes
Forage legume proteins were fractionated by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System or ruminally incubated to assess how conditioning and conservation methods interact with polyphenols (condensed tannins or o-quinones) to alter protein degradability. The presence of polyphenols, conditioning by maceration rather than rolls, and conservation as hay rather than silage shifted protein ...
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Growth and ion relations in response to combined salinity and waterlogging in the perennial forage legumes Lotus corniculatus and Lotus tenuis
Abstract Lotus tenuis (Wadst. & Kit.) is a perennial legume widely grown for pasture in the flood-prone and salt affected Pampa region of Argentina. The physiology of salt and waterlogging tolerance in L. tenuis (four cultivars) was evaluated, and compared with Lotus corniculatus (three cultivars); the most widely cultivated Lotus species. Overall, L. tenuis cultivars accumulated less Na+ and ...
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Effect of nitrogen application on yield and quality of silage corn after forage legume-grass
Decomposition of forage legume-grass (FLG) sods after turnover will supply N to the next corn (Zea mays L.) crop. For optimum economic grain production typically a starter N application is sufficient. However, the impact of eliminating sidedress N on yield and quality of silage corn in the year after sod turnover (FYC) is not well documented and little is known about the effects of timing of sod ...
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Annual legumes for forage systems in the United States gulf coast region
Forage-livestock systems in the U.S. Gulf Coast are based on perennial C4 grasses. System productivity often is predicated on significant inputs of N fertilizer, but rapidly escalating fertilizer prices raise questions about the sustainability of these systems and provide impetus for legume research. There are few successful forage legumes in the region, suggesting that alternative species merit ...
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Harvest techniques change annual warm-season legume forage yield and nutritive value
Comparison among warm-season legume forage trials may not be valid if harvest techniques vary. To address this question, herbage dry matter (DM) yields, branching, crude protein (CP), and fiber concentrations for nine warm-season annual herbaceous legumes were measured by hand-plucking all leaves and pliable tips or clipping at 7.5- or 15-cm height. The experiment was conducted in Texas on a ...
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Crop rotation and nitrogen input effects on soil fertility, maize mineral nutrition, yield, and seed composition
Knowledge of complex relationships between soils, crops, and management practices is necessary to develop sustainable agricultural production systems. Objectives were to determine how maize (Zea mays L.) would respond to monoculture (C-C), 2-yr rotation (C-S) with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], or 4-yr rotation (C-S-W/A-A) with soybean, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago ...
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Development of canopy reflectance models to predict forage quality of legume–grass mixtures
Timely assessments of nutritive values of legume-based swards during the growing season can facilitate a targeted and site-specific forage management. This study was undertaken to explore the potential of field spectral measurements for a nondestructive prediction of metabolizable energy, ash content, crude protein (CP), and acid detergent fiber of legume–grass mixtures. A population of 200 ...
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Forage potential of intercropping barley with faba bean, lupin, or field pea
Annual cool-season grain legumes grown in mixtures with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), may offer advantages over barley sole crops for forage production. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of intercropping ‘Snowbird’ tannin-free faba bean (Vicia faba L.), ‘Arabella’ narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and ‘Cutlass’ field pea (Pisum sativum L.), along with legume planting ...
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Integrated warm- and cool-season grass and legume pastures: i. seasonal forage dynamics
High temperatures and scarce precipitation often cause the productivity and quality of cool-season pastures in Southwest Michigan to decline for an extended period during the summer. This study was conducted to determine whether integration of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) or big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitm.) into cool-season grazing systems would mitigate this period of low pasture ...
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