Nitrogen Fertilizer Articles
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Interactive effects of tillage and mineral fertilization on soil carbon profiles
Both tillage and fertilizer management influence soil organic C (SOC) storage, but their interactive effects remain to be determined for various soil and climatic conditions. We evaluated the long-term effects of tillage (no-till, NT, and moldboard plowing, MP), and N and P fertilization on SOC stocks and concentrations in profiles of a clay loam soil (clayey, mixed, mesic Typic Humaquept). Corn ...
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Uptake of point source depleted 15n fertilizer by neighboring corn plants
Ground-based active (self-illuminating) sensors make it possible to collect canopy data that are useful for making on-the-go N fertilizer application decisions. These technologies raise questions about plant-to-plant competition for targeted fertilizer N applications. This study evaluated the extent to which fertilizer N applied to an individual corn (Zea mays L.) plant might be intercepted by ...
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Nitrogen supply for cover crops and effects on peanut grown in succession under a no-till system
In Brazil, as no-till (NT) crop management expands, there is an increased interest in growing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with this system. However, it is not known if the preceding cover crop species, the amount of straw on the soil surface, or the N supplied to the cover crop will affect peanut grown in a NT system. An experiment was conducted on a Typic Haplorthox in Botucatu, São Paulo ...
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Nitrogen and plant growth regulator influence on ‘champion’ Bermudagrass putting green under reduced sunlight
Managing warm-season turfgrasses with reduced sunlight is challenging due to C4 plant morphological limitations, such as reduced lateral stem growth. Adjusting cultural management practices, such as N and trinexapac-ethyl (TE) [4-(cyclopropyl-a-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester], application may benefit turfgrass performance when sunlight is reduced. Therefore, a ...
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Spatial variability of the Illinois soil nitrogen test: Implications for sampling in a turfgrass system
Nitrogen fertilization of turfgrass continues to be scrutinized due to environmental concerns. Practices that reduce fertilizer inputs without sacrificing turfgrass quality are needed, but a reliable test of N status in turfgrass is not currently available. The Illinois soil N test has been developed to predict crop response to applied N by measuring the amount of amino sugar N in the soil. Amino ...
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Fertilizer application timing influences greenhouse gas fluxes over a growing season
Microbial production and consumption of greenhouse gases (GHG) is influenced by temperature and nutrients, especially during the first few weeks after agricultural fertilization. The effect of fertilization on GHG fluxes should occur during and shortly after application, yet data indicating how application timing affects both GHG fluxes and crop yields during a growing season are lacking. We ...
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Continuous corn response to residue management and nitrogen fertilization
Harvesting corn (Zea mays L.) residue in continuous corn (CC) may require changes in crop management for increased efficiency. Experiments were conducted in Illinois to determine how residue removal and tillage affect surface residue after planting and the response of CC to N fertilization. Partial removal of residue left 21 to 26% surface residue coverage with a chisel plow system, compared with ...
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Effect of Alum treatment on the concentration of total and Ureolytic microorganisms in poultry litter
Microbial mineralization of urea and uric acid in poultry litter results in the production of ammonia, which can lead to decreased poultry performance, malodorous emissions, and loss of poultry litter value as a fertilizer. Despite the fact that this is a microbial process, little is known about how the microbial populations, especially ammonia-producing (ureolytic) organisms in poultry litter, ...
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Nonpoint source of nutrients and herbicides associated with Sugarcane production and its impact on Louisiana coastal water quality
A watershed analysis of nonpoint-source pollution associated with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) production was conducted. Runoff water samples following major rainfall events from two representative sugarcane fields (SC1 and SC2) were collected and analyzed. The impact of runoff on two receiving water bodies, St. James canal (SJC) and Bayou Chevreuil (BC) in a drainage basin (Baratarian ...
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Developing Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for corn using an active sensor
Producers often overapply N fertilizer to corn (Zea mays L.) because of the uncertainty in predicting the economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR). Remote sensing represents a potential opportunity to reduce this uncertainty with an in-season assessment of crop N status. This study examines the relationship between EONR and reflectance from a ground-based sensor, and considers its potential for ...
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Ammonia volatilization from Urea-based fertilizers applied to tall fescue pastures in Georgia, USA
The use of urea fertilizers in grasslands is likely to increase in areas with concentrated animal feeding operations as restrictions on manure applications are implemented. Concerns have been raised about the economic and environmental impacts of NH3 loss from these urea fertilizers. This study evaluated NH3 losses from Nitamin (a urea polymer), urea–NH4NO3 (UAN), and granular urea applied to ...
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Do synergistic relationships between nitrogen and water influence the ability of corn to use nitrogen derived from fertilizer and soil?
To improve site-specific N recommendations a more complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for synergistic relationships between N and water is needed. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of soil water regime on the ability of corn (Zea mays L.) to use N derived from fertilizer and soil. A randomized split-block experiment was conducted in 2002, 2003, and ...
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Rice growth, grain yield, and floodwater nutrient dynamics as affected by nutrient placement method and rate
The loss of major nutrients can be high in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields, particularly rainfed rice, where water flowing from field to field during periods of high rainfall not only reduces the nutrient use efficiencies but also has the potential for environmental degradation. We examined the influence of deep point placement of N, P, and K briquettes compared to broadcast incorporation of N, P, ...
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Cuphea nitrogen uptake and seed yield response to nitrogen fertilization
Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. x C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton, PSR23) is an oilseed crop that is a rich source of medium-chain fatty acids. Progress has been made on improving cuphea agronomically, but little is known about N fertility requirements for optimum cuphea production. The objective of this study was to determine the N necessary for maximizing seed yield and oil content. Experiment 1 was ...
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Nitrogen storage with cover crops and nitrogen fertilization in tilled and nontilled soils
Improved crop and N management practices are needed to increase soil N storage so that N fertilization rate and the potential for N leaching can be reduced in tilled and nontilled soils. We examined the influence of cover crops and N fertilization rates on N inputs from cover crops, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soil total N (STN) content at the 0- ...
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Corn grain yield response to crop rotation and nitrogen over 35 years
Crop rotation and N are management methods that can increase corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields. Our objective was to determine the corn grain yield response to six crop rotation sequences and four N rates in a long-term (35-yr) study. The rotations were continuous corn (CC), corn–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (CA), corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), corn-corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa (CCCAA), ...
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No-till and conventional-till cotton response to broiler litter fertilization in an upland soil: lint yield
The effectiveness of poultry litter as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fertilizer is not well documented for upland soils in the southern and southeastern United States. The objective of this research was to measure cotton yield response to broiler litter fertilization in contrast to inorganic N fertilization and to quantify yield reduction due to lack of incorporation under no-till and ...
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Interactive effects of landscape position and time of application on the response of spring wheat to fall-banded urea
The objective of this experiment was to quantify the effect of landscape position and time of application on the agronomic efficiency of fall-banded urea [CO(NH2)2] for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the eastern prairie region of Canada. Landscape positions in this experiment were defined as high and low based on their relative elevations to one another within the field. Fertilizer ...
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Banding of urea increased ammonia volatilization in a dry acidic soil
Volatilization of ammonia following application of urea contributes to smog formation and degradation of natural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of (i) incorporation and banding of urea and (ii) surface broadcast of slow-release urea types on NH3 volatilization in a dry acidic soil. Volatilization was measured using wind tunnels for 25 d after standard urea (140 ...
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Influence of biotic-abiotic factors on the degradation of novaluron in tropical soil
In this study, the degradation of novaluron (benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions in clay loam alluvial and coastal saline soils of West Bengal, India. The application rates were field rate (FR); 2FR and 10FR. The incubation study was carried out at 30 °C and 60% of maximum water holding capacity of both the soils. Degradation of ...
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