plant breeding Articles
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Comparison of weighting in two-stage analysis of plant breeding trials
Series of plant breeding trials are often unbalanced and have a complex genetic structure. To reduce computing cost, it is common practice to employ a two-stage approach, where adjusted means per location are estimated and then a mixed model analysis of these adjusted means is performed. An important question is how means from the first step should be weighted in the second step. Our objective ...
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Contribution of action researching to institutional innovation: a case study of access and benefit sharing (ABS) mechanisms in the participatory plant breeding (PPB) in Southwest China
This article investigates the contribution of action research to systemic institutional innovation, through a case study of access and benefit sharing (ABS) mechanisms developed in the context of a participatory plant breeding programme in Southwest China. The processes of purposeful change are examined as critical events, in eight episodes. Evidence is presented in these episodes of the role of ...
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Development and characterization of large-scale simple sequence repeats in Jute
Jute is an important crop of the Indian subcontinent and comprises tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) and white jute (C. capsularis). The yield and fiber quality of this crop remained stagnant for many years and could not be improved through conventional plant breeding. Also, no effort has been made to develop molecular markers on a scale required for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to supplement ...
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Full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection with the use of doubled Haploids
Doubled haploids are increasingly used in plant breeding, especially in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding. Their use can deeply change the interest of recurrent selection for the development of new hybrids. To show this, a full-sib reciprocal recurrent selection scheme using doubled haploids (DH FS-RRS) is proposed. Doubled haploid lines are derived from each population and they are then pair-crossed, ...
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Players, property rights and research in the plant sector: a historical perspective
Before we can speak about the different options for the future of management and the definition of property rights for living organisms in terms of property rights, access and benefit-sharing linked to genetic resources, it is necessary to analyse past developments. This gives us a better understanding and thus allows us to anticipate for the future, the links that could exist between the ...
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Genome-wide reduction of genetic diversity in wheat breeding
Public concerns about crop uniformity introduced by modern plant breeding and genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses have been one of the major forces driving long-term efforts in plant germplasm conservation for future food security. However, such concerns have gained little empirical support, as recent molecular diversity analyses of improved crop gene pools did not reveal much ...
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Three cycles of recurrent selection for altered recombination frequency in maize
The variability among progeny in a plant breeding population depends on the amount of recombination that occurs in meiosis preceding selection. The recombination arises either from the independent assortment of chromosomes or from crossing over during chromosome synapsis. Crossing over is not a constant value; it differs based on background genotype. This research determined the effectiveness of ...
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New Method Provides Vital Information for Plant Breeding
Plants exhibit enormous variation in traits relevant to breeding, such as plant height, yield, and resistance to insect pests. One of the greatest challenges in modern plant research is determining which differences in genetic information cause such changes. Recently, researchers at the University of Düsseldorf in Germany and the Carnegie Institution of Science in the United States have ...
By Lifeasible
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Changes in genetic diversity of U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm over seven decades of cultivar development
Plant breeding methodologies have been applied to flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for approximately seven decades. As has been observed in several other crops, stringent quality requirements have resulted in use of conservative breeding strategies in the development of new cultivars. The impact of breeding practices on genetic diversity within U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm has not ...
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Variation in Adzuki Bean (vigna angularis) germplasm grown in China
Adzuki bean [Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi] is cultivated in a wide range of agroecological environments from north to south China. An understanding of the genetic variation for crop adaptation facilitates plant breeding. A core germplasm of 231 accessions (selected from a representative collection of 3908 Chinese landraces) was evaluated at diverse locations in China in 1998 to (i) ...
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Transgenic breeding: Perspectives and prospects
Transgenic technology serves to introduce gene sequences for expression of a desired trait. Production of transgenic plants is reported in many crops, but commercialization is limited to a few selected crops, such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.). This paper presents the sequential processes of ...
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Combining ability and heterosis for forage yield among elite alfalfa core collection accessions with different fall dormancy responses
Understanding genetic parameters of populations that are being considered for inclusion into plant-breeding programs provides critical knowledge to enhance economic traits of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic parameters influencing forage yield for nine populations selected from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) core collection ...
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How biotechnology is changing the structure of the seed industry
The seed industry has been in a state of restructuring for many years now. New firms have entered the industry and old players have merged. Firms from various backgrounds now compete in supplying seed to agriculture and horticulture traditional seed companies, new biotechnology firms, agrochemical companies, food processors and wholesalers/retailers. As biotechnology enables the enhancement of ...
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Haploidy in cultivated wheats: induction and utility in basic and applied research
The usefulness of haploid plants in basic research in cytogenetics, genetics, evolution, and practical plant breeding is well known. Haploid plants provide an efficient research tool for studies on induced mutagenesis and genetic transformation. They also help elucidate the genetic control of chromosome pairing inherently present in allopolyploids such as bread wheat, durum wheat, and oats. ...
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Effect of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain and phenotypic diversity in barley breeding germplasm
Plant breeding with elite parents within closed populations has proven to be a successful strategy to achieve genetic gains and conserve favorable gene complexes. To investigate the effects of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain, phenotypic variation, and germplasm differentiation, 15 agronomic and malting quality traits were evaluated for a set 98 genotypes including ancestors, parental ...
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Forty-eight years of rice improvement in Texas since the release of cultivar bluebonnet in 1944
Information on the contribution of plant breeding to changes in yields and other agronomic traits is useful for optimizing selection gains; thus, this study aimed to determine the contribution of Texas rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding to changes in cultivars released during the 48 yr since the release of ‘Bluebonnet’ in 1944. Twenty-three cultivars were evaluated in three environments and two N ...
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Developing of DLI (Daily Light Integral) and Spectrum Control Systems for Scientific Cultivation in Agriculture
Abstract: This study presents a DLI (Daily Light Integral) and Spectrum-Based Scientific Cultivation Control System (DAS) Development, Design and Application of Luminaire. Effective planning and monitoring of the environmental conditions of plant growth have vital importance in terms of efficiency and control. Nowadays, beyond the control systems that are mainly focused on climate and ...
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Quantitative trait locus analysis of seed Phosphorus and seed Phytate content in a recombinant inbred line population of common bean
Phytate is an important antinutritional component of legume seeds, which chelates minerals that are essential to the human diet such as iron and zinc. Phytate levels are often correlated with total seed phosphorus (P). The objective of this research was to evaluate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed P and phytate content in an inter-gene pool (G2333 x G19839) recombinant inbred line ...
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A call to conserve crops’ wild cousins
Wild cousins aren’t always appreciated at family gatherings. But when it comes to crops, the opposite is often true: Plant breeding has historically relied on genes from plants growing in the wild as a source of diversity that can be introduced into crop plants to produce new crop varieties that are more resilient, nutritious and productive than those currently cultivated. As human ...
By Ensia
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Enhancement of salt tolerance in transgenic rice expressing an Escherichia coli catalase gene, kat E
Rice (Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salt stresses and cannot survive under low salt conditions, such as 50 mM NaCl. In an attempt to improve salt tolerance of rice, we introduced katE, a catalase gene of Escherichia coli, into japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare. The resultant transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing katE were able to grow for more than 14 days in the presence of 250 mM ...
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