host plant Articles
-
Effects of herbicide‐treated host plants on the development of Mamestra brassicae L. caterpillars
Herbicides are widely used pesticides that affect plants by changing their chemistry. In doing so, herbicides might also influence the quality of plants as food for herbivores. To study the effects of herbicides on host plant quality, we treated 3 plant species (Plantago lanceolata L., P. major L., and Ranunculus acris L.) with sublethal rates of either a sulfonylurea (Atlantis WG, Bayer ...
-
Influence of synchronization between adult emergence and host plant phenology on the population density of Pseudasphondylia neolitseae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing leaf galls on Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae)
Synchronization between the appearance of herbivorous insects and their host-plant phenology is a critical event, especially for short-lived insects such as gall midges. We studied a natural population of Pseudasphondylia neolitseae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces leaf galls on Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae) to evaluate the effect of synchronization on gall density in the subsequent ...
-
Polyphagy and primary host plants: oviposition preference versus larval performance in the lepidopteran pest Helicoverpa armigera
Oviposition preference and several measures of offspring performance of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) were investigated on a subset of its host plants that were selected for their reputed importance in the field in Australia. They included cotton, pigeon pea, sweet corn, mungbean, bean and common sowthistle. Plants were at their flowering stage when presented to gravid female moths. Flowering ...
-
Seasonality in neotropical populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera): resource availability and migration
The present study aimed to verify (1) whether seasonal increases in neotropical populations of Plutella xylostella are directly provoked by regular influxes of migrants, and (2) whether temporal variation in food availability is the ecological process behind such predictable events. Over 3 years, plants that P. xylostella prefers were cultivated and irrigated in order to provide a continuous and ...
-
Response to host plant odors and aggregation pheromone by larvae of the Colorado potato beetle on a servosphere
Using a servosphere (locomotion compensator), locomotory behavior of Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae was measured in detail in response to pulsed and non-pulsed odors of hostplant and conspecific pheromone. Second instars showed decreased straightness of movement, and all larvae showed decreased speed, in response to potato odor. Change in ...
-
Identification of novel QTL for sawfly resistance in wheat
The wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Nort.) is an important pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) in the Northern Great Plains. This paper reports the genetic analysis of antixenosis for egg-laying WSS females in recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of hard red spring wheat. Female WSS preferentially choose certain wheat genotypes for egg-laying, with the cultivar Reeder being ...
-
Green tea catechins applied to susceptible hosts inhibit parasitic plant attachment success
Parasitic plants utilize cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to penetrate their host plant and attach to host vasculature. Inhibition of CWDEs may confer resistance on susceptible hosts, offering a strategy for parasitic plant control. Here, exogenous application of green tea catechins, which inhibit pectin methylesterase (a CWDE), was used to delay parasitic plant attachment. Texas bluebonnet ...
-
The crucial role of the pls1 tetraspanin during ascospore germination in podospora anserina provides an example of the convergent evolution of morphogenetic processes in fungal plant pathogens and saprobes{triangledown}
Pls1 tetraspanins were shown for some pathogenic fungi to be essential for appressorium-mediated penetration into their host plants. We show here that Podospora anserina, a saprobic fungus lacking appressorium, contains PaPls1, a gene orthologous to known PLS1 genes. Inactivation of PaPls1 demonstrates that this gene is specifically required for the germination of ascospores in P. ...
-
Are endophyte-mediated effects on herbivores conditional on soil nutrients?
Neotyphodium endophytes are assumed to have mutualistic relationship with their grass hosts, mainly resulting from mycotoxin production increasing plant resistance to herbivores by the fungus that subsists on the plant. To study importance of often ignored environmental effects on these associations, we performed a greenhouse experiment to examine the significance of endophyte infection and ...
-
Playing hide and seek below the soil
Below the soil of a diverse grassland area you’ll find a jungle of plant roots. It is also home to a wide variety of bacteria and fungi, of which some are pathogenic and looking for a host in the tangle of roots. It appears that this is much more difficult when there is a larger diversity of plants as the host plant is more able to hide among the varied crowd. Greater plant diversity ...
-
Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: Principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects
Pathogenic microorganisms affecting plant health are a major and chronic threat to food production and ecosystem stability worldwide. As agricultural production intensified over the past few decades, producers became more and more dependent on agrochemicals as a relatively reliable method of crop protection helping with economic stability of their operations. However, increasing use of chemical ...
-
Defense characteristics of seral deciduous broad-leaved tree seedlings grown under differing levels of CO2 and nitrogen
Mixed broad-leaved forests are abundantly populated by several kinds of herbivore species in northern Japan. The life of herbivores depends strongly on the quality of food leaves. Leaf quality is changing with increasing atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition. Four seral species of deciduous broad-leaved tree seedlings (alder, birch, oak and maple) were raised in all four combinations of two ...
-
Behavioural and chemical ecology underlying the success of turnip rape (Brassica rapa) trap crops in protecting oilseed rape (Brassica napus) from the pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus)
There is increasing interest in the use of trap crops as components of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Understanding the mechanisms underlying host plant preferences of herbivorous pests can lead to improved effectiveness and reliability of the trap crop. We investigated the behavioural and chemical ecology underlying the success of turnip rape, Brassica rapa, trap crops in ...
-
Management practices to minimize tan spot in a continuous wheat rotation
In the central United States, practices that maintain residue in wheat (Tritricum aestivum L.) often lead to yield losses from tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) infections. Tillage, fungicides, N fertility, and resistant varieties may reduce tan spot severity. Studies were conducted over five location-years to determine wheat yields and tan spot severity across three residue levels ...
-
Using leaf area meters: Assessing roosting sites for Melon fly and Oriental fruit fly - Case study
Assessment of Attractiveness of Plants as Roosting Sites for the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, and the Oriental Fruit Fly, B. dorsalis. The Researcher Dr. Grant McQuate is a researcher with the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) in Hilo, Hawaii. With over 24 years of experience in research in insect ecology, Dr. McQuate has focused much of his work on the attraction, ecology, host ...
-
Introducing the Sustainability Adaptive ERG
At Adaptive, we aspire every day to create and cultivate a culture of belonging. As a lifelong conservationist and advocate for responsible consumption, for me, bringing my whole self to work means these passions come to the office with me. Since Adaptive’s early years we’ve operated with environmental responsibility at top of mind. Disposal guides developed by lab staff ensure ...
-
Biopesticides Examined for Role in Field Production
Biopesticides deserve respect. Once derided as snake oil, today’s products have proven benefits in suppressing pest organisms. Whether they activate plant defenses, parasitize or inhibit pathogen growth or make the environment less favourable to disease, they can play an integral role in crop protection. While the greenhouse sector first excelled at incorporating biopesticides in ...
-
What is it about this soil that protects plants from devastating disease?
Figuring out why certain soils keep plant parasites at bay could be a boon for agriculture around the globe Plants around the world are constantly under attack — often with big implications for humans. In the 1960s, millions of elm trees in Britain, France and the U.S. fell victim to Dutch elm disease, which clogs the vessels that carry life-giving water to the trees’ leaves. ...
By Ensia
-
White aphids on cannabis plants - how to spot and treat them
Whether you are new to growing indoors or a seasoned professional, one thing is for certain – you can’t take your eye off the ball with pest control! One of the most common pests to plague our grow rooms are the white aphid. Secondary to those are black aphids, which are very similar. If you’ve not experienced an aphid attack yet then count yourself lucky. There is no surefire ...
-
Plant Sciences in Agriculture
Plant pathogens Microorganisms, also called as microbes, live in every part of the biosphere, including soil, water, and air. Plant pathogens are the microbes that infect plants and cause diseases. In history, some plant diseases led to tremendous negative impacts on society. In 1845, potato blight disease was prevalent in all potato growing regions in Ireland. Phytophthora infestans, a fungus, ...
Need help finding the right suppliers? Try XPRT Sourcing. Let the XPRTs do the work for you