sorghum Articles
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The techno-economic assessment for the plant of solid substrate fermentation of refining ethanol from sweet sorghum stalk
Technological process of a pilot plant of solid substrate fermentation of refining ethanol from sweet sorghum stalk was described. The techno-economic assessment of the pilot plant was carried out with cost and profit method. Results showed that ethanol yield was 90% and the spent residue of fermentation can be converted to forage. In addition, Net Present Value (at discount rate of 10%), ...
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Efficacy of herbicide seed treatments for controlling striga infestation of sorghum
Witchweed (Striga spp.) infestations are the greatest obstacle to sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain production in many areas in Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide seed treatments for controlling Striga infestation of sorghum. Seeds of an acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicide–tolerant sorghum hybrid were treated with two ALS-inhibiting ...
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Solid-state fermentation for production of gibberellic acid using agricultural residues
Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) was employed using agricultural residues, viz. pigeon pea pod (Cajanus cajan), corncobs (Zea mays), sorghum straw (Sorghum vulgare) and pea pod (Pisum sativum) for the production of gibberellic acid (GA3) using Fusarium proliferatum NCIM1105. Studies revealed that these agricultural residues have supported excellent growth of the fungi in modified medium and gave ...
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Grain sorghum and corn comparisons: yield, economic, and environmental responses
Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is often grown where water stress is expected. But, improved drought tolerance in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids has resulted in increased dryland corn production in preference to grain sorghum. However, grain sorghum may still have a yield advantage over corn in drought prone environments. This study was conducted to determine if grain sorghum has either a ...
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Developing a mini core collection of sorghum for diversified utilization of germplasm
The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm collection at the ICRISAT gene bank exceeds 37,000 accessions. A core collection of 2247 accessions was developed in 2001 to enable researchers to have access to a smaller set of germplasm. However, this core collection was found to be too large. To overcome this, a sorghum mini core (10% accessions of the core or 1% of the entire collection) ...
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Cattle gain and crop yield for a dryland wheat-sorghum-fallow rotation
Increasing pumping costs and declining well capacities in the U.S. Southern High Plains have led to greater reliance on less productive and inherently riskier dryland cropping systems. Dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are typically grown in a 3-yr wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation that may be intensified by integrating cattle (Bos taurus) ...
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Gas exchange and transpiration ratio in Sorghum
Decreased water availability and increased food demand worldwide require development of more water-efficient crops. This study was conducted to examine preflower transpiration ratio (CO2 assimilation rate [A]/transpiration rate [E], A:E) in four inbred sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines and 12 of their F1 hybrids in terms of phenotypic and genetic variation, inheritance (i.e., additive ...
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Wheat and sorghum residue removal for expanded uses increases sediment and nutrient loss in runoff
Received for publication January 16, 2009. Crop residue removal for expanded uses such as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production may increase loss of sediment and nutrients in runoff. We assessed on-farm impacts of variable rates of residue removal from no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and plow till grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on sediment, soil organic carbon ...
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Economic partnership agreements, common external tariff and prospects for staple food items in Nigeria
This paper looks into the potential impacts of the proposed Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between African, Caribbean and Pacific countries and the European Union (EU) on agriculture and food production in Nigeria. Using a partial equilibrium analysis, it assesses possible changes in production arising from the implementation of a Common External Tariff (CET) and/or EPA on three crops ...
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Mutagenesis, selection, and allelic analysis of epicuticular wax mutants in sorghum
Epicuticular wax forms an outer coating on the aerial surfaces of many crop plants and is implicated in tolerance to several environmental stresses including drought. Advances in knowledge of biosynthesis and secretion of these leaf surface waxes could lead to improvements in crop-stress tolerance. To study the genetics of epicuticular wax deposition, we screened for bloomless (bm) and ...
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Dryland performance of sweet sorghum and grain crops for biofuel in Nebraska
Sweet sorghum [SS; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a potential biofuel crop for the Great Plains. Sweet sorghum was compared with corn [Zea mays (L.)] and grain sorghum for potential ethanol yield, energy use efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at seven dryland site-years in Nebraska. Seasonal rainfall ranged from approximately 340 to 660 mm. Soils were deep with medium texture at all ...
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Irrigation frequency effects on growth and ethanol yield in sweet Sorghum
With the increasing costs of fossil fuels, new methods of generating renewable fuels need to be researched and developed. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of irrigation frequency on crop growth and ethanol yield of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Nine combinations of pre- and postanthesis irrigation frequencies triggered by 35, 50, or 65% depletion of plant-available ...
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Skip-row and plant population effects on sorghum grain yield
In environments with limited rainfall, skip-row configuration (planting one or a group of rows alternated with rows not planted) under rainfed conditions may increase yield of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] due to conservation of soil water between widely-spaced crop rows that is not accessed until late in the growing season. A field study was conducted over 10 site-years in Nebraska ...
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Cover crops and organic mulch to improve tomato yields and soil fertility
Cover crops and organic mulches (OMs) have been reported as a means to reduce inputs and increase soil quality. A field experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects of summer cover crops and organic compost on winter fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yields and quality. Cover crops were sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis), cowpea ...
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Profitability maps as an input for site-specific management decision making
For over a decade, farmers have been collecting site-specific yield data. Many have formed doubts about this investment because of their inability to directly apply this information as feedback for improving management. The objective of this case-study analysis was to investigate how site-specific decisions can be improved by transforming a long-term multiple-crop yield-map dataset into profit ...
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Biofuel, Corn, And Sorghum Farmers Challenge Lowered RFS Volumes
On January 8, 2016, seven biofuel and agriculture groups requested the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit to review the Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS) for 2014, 2015, and 2016. The Petition was filed by Biotechnology Innovation Organization, Americans for Clean Energy, American Coalition for Ethanol, Growth Energy, National Corn Growers Association, National Sorghum Producers, and the ...
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Can corncob be made into briquettes?
Corncobs, like other agricultural and forestry wastes, are biomass resources that can be recycled, such as sawdust, crop stalks (corn stalks, soybean stalks, sorghum stalks, cotton stalks, rape stalks, peanut stalks, sunflower stalks), chaff, and grass. Grass, shrub branches, bamboo truncated, material head, bagasse, etc. The common feature of these biomass raw materials is that they contain a ...
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Seed systems for African food security: linking molecular genetic analysis and cultivator knowledge in West Africa
A challenge for African countries is how to integrate new sources of knowledge on plant genetics with knowledge from farmer practice to help improve food security. This paper considers the knowledge content of farmer seed systems in the light of a distinction drawn in artificial intelligence research between supervised and unsupervised learning. Supervised learning applied to seed systems ...
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Cover crop and nitrogen effects on maize productivity in no-Tillage Systems of the Brazilian cerrados
Cover crops in direct seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC) systems can be an effective tool to optimize N management for crop production in the Brazilian cerrados. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of four cover crops on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yields in two fields that had been under DMC for 3 and 14 yr. We hypothesized that cover crops would optimize N supply to the maize ...
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Cover Crop and nitrogen effects on maize productivity in no-tillage systems of the Brazilian Cerrados
Cover crops in direct seeding mulch-based cropping (DMC) systems can be an effective tool to optimize N management for crop production in the Brazilian cerrados. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of four cover crops on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yields in two fields that had been under DMC for 3 and 14 yr. We hypothesized that cover crops would optimize N supply to the maize ...
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