plant growth Articles
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Toxicity of biosolids‐derived triclosan and triclocarban to six crop species
Biosolids are an important source of nutrients and organic matter, which are necessary for the productive cultivation of crop plants. Biosolids have been found to contain the personal care products, triclosan and triclocarban, at high concentrations relative to other pharmaceuticals and personal care products. The current study investigates whether exposure of six plant species (radish, ...
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Effects of estimating soil hydraulic properties and root growth factor on soil water balance and crop production
Accurate simulation of plant growth depends not only on plant parameters, but also on soil parameters. Although there is uncertainty in measured soil parameters and root distributions, their effects on simulated plant growth have been much less studied. This study evaluates the simulated responses of six crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), ...
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De-inking paper sludge amendment affects weeds in the presence or absence of herbicide in a soybean-corn rotation
The application of de-inking paper sludge (DPS), a C-rich but N-poor soil amendment, can sometimes decrease plant growth. This property needs to be investigated to develop the knowledge and management methods necessary for potential weed control. Today, there is no information on the effectiveness of using DPS to control weeds within a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation. ...
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2014 Soyabean Trial - Case Study
Results of studies carried out under growth room conditions indicated that Hibrix soil amendment can provide significant increases in the growth of wheat, soybean and canola.?In the summer of 2013, a field trial was conducted using soybeans as the indicator crop to test the effectiveness of Hibrix soil amendment for increasing plant growth and productivity under field conditions. The trial was ...
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Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species in soils of cultivated soybean fields
Mycorrhizae are presumably important contributors to plant growth in most ecosystems. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the population diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Clarion (well drained) and Webster (poorly drained) soils of four Iowa soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields. These soils normally occur together on the landscape, with Clarion in the upland and Webster ...
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization response to three seed-applied fungicides
In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) enhance nutrient and water status and may increase root resistance to soilborne pathogens. However, the fungicides that are routinely applied to the seed may reduce AM colonization, reducing these benefits. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the effect of three commonly used seed-applied fungicides on AM colonization ...
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Soybean aphid feeding injury and soybean yield, yield components, and seed composition
Information that describes soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) feeding injury effects on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield and seed composition is needed to develop better management practices for this invasive pest. This 2-yr controlled-infestation field study measured aphid populations and the effects of those populations on soybean seed yield, yield components (shoot biomass, pods ...
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Relationships between immobilized Phosphorus uptake in two grain legumes and soil bioactive Phosphorus pools in fertilized and manure-amended soil
Mixing P-immobilizing additives with manure has raised concerns of irreversible reduction in P availability to growing crops. A potted plant growth experiment was conducted to characterize cattle manure P mineralization as modified by iron amendments and uptake by pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Triple superphosphate, untreated, or manure amended with ...
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A review of the phosphorus content of dry cereal and legume crops of the world
When food scarcity increases, instability in society increases. The majority of food consumed is from cereals and legumes. Phosphorus is essential for crop plant growth and soils are depleted as this element is removed from crop lands with harvested grains/seeds. To sustain yields, inputs of nutrients are required to balance losses. On global and continental/regional bases, we assembled nine ...
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What raw materials can be used to produce organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer is a kind of organic material fermented by microorganisms, such as plant residues, animal manure, organic by-products of processing industry, which can be applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition. Organic fertilizer can provide comprehensive, stable and long-term nutrient elements for plant growth, improve soil structure, improve soil buffering performance, water and ...
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What is the right light intensity and illumination length?
Photoperiodism The photoperiod, this is used as a signal for the plant to flower. Many flowering plants (angiosperms) use a photoreceptor protein, such as phytochromeor cryptochrome, to sense seasonal changes in night length, The Phytochrome conversion (Pfr to Pr) allows the plant to sense when it is night or day. Phytochrome Conversion The biologically-inactive form of ...
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Living mulch forage yield and botanical composition in a corn-soybean-forage rotation
Managing forages as living mulches during row crop production requires suppressing the forages to produce economical crop yields. The objective of this research was to identify forage plants with varied growth habit, persistence, and yield potential to provide desirable ecosystem functions in a multifunctional cropping system. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.), ...
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Can genetic engineering help quench crops’ thirst?
Researchers around the world are exploring how GMO technology might boost food production under hot, dry conditions. Roger Deal is trying to figure out how plants remember drought. An assistant professor of biochemistry and genetics at Emory University, Deal says most plants have a kind of memory for stress. When experiencing water shortage, for example, plants close the holes in their leaves, ...
By Ensia
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How precision technologies are helping farmers increase profitability while also meeting growing demand for nutritious calories
From ox and plow to the advent of autonomous tractors, farmers have always sought new and more efficient ways to grow crops. The demand for high-quality, protein and nutrient-rich food increases annually as the global population is on pace to reach 9 billion by 2050. The explosive growth of plant-based protein food products is testament to the nearly insatiable demand for healthy calories. ...
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Family farms can be competitive by focusing on conservation and stewardship
While the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports a 40 percent decline in U.S. cropland soil erosion rates from 1982 to 2007, recent trends appear to challenge this progress. Record prices for corn and soybeans have diverted acres out of conservation programs and encouraged intensive production on a wide scale. Tree lines are cleared and wet areas drained, turning 120-acre farms into ...
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Can drip irrigation keep the Prairie Profitable?
The use of flood and center pivot irrigation of crops via the waters of the Ogallala Aquifer is as hot a discussion topic as the current drought. To many who mine the aquifer to make a living, trying to keep a profitable way of life sustainable in a time when the broader public is seeking more conservation of resources yet wanting inexpensive, plentiful and safe food is problematic. Perhaps it's ...
By Netafim USA
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Controlling Barnyardgrass with Corn Hybrid Selection
Barnyardgrass is a summer annual grass weed with a global impact on corn production. Yield losses due to barnyardgrass competition have been estimated up to 45% or more for crops such as cotton and corn. Besides corn, it can also be a serious weed pest in rice, soybean, sugarbeet, cotton, and corn. Integrated weed management techniques can be used for control of barnyardgrass in corn. High ...
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