wheat breeding Articles
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Genome-wide reduction of genetic diversity in wheat breeding
Public concerns about crop uniformity introduced by modern plant breeding and genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses have been one of the major forces driving long-term efforts in plant germplasm conservation for future food security. However, such concerns have gained little empirical support, as recent molecular diversity analyses of improved crop gene pools did not reveal much ...
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Molecular mapping of stem-rust-resistance gene Sr40 in Wheat
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, was historically one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Deployment of resistant cultivars successfully prevented rust epidemics over the past several decades. Unfortunately, race TTKS (termed Ug99) has emerged in Africa to render several stem-rust-resistance genes ineffective. Sr40, a ...
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Evaluation and characterization of seedling resistances to stem rust ug99 races in wheat–alien species derivatives
Stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.), a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was effectively controlled worldwide for the past 50 yr by deployment of stem rust resistance (Sr) genes in wheat cultivars. However, a new stem rust race, TTKSK (known as Ug99 or TTKS) that emerged in eastern Africa, is a cause of concern because it has ...
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Mapping quantitative trait loci for long coleoptile in Chinese wheat landrace wangshuibai
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with long coleoptiles can be sown deeply for better seedling establishment in drought environments. A population of 139 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between a long-coleoptile Chinese landrace, Wangshuibai, and short-coleoptile U.S. wheat cultivar, Wheaton, were characterized for coleoptile length and plant height. Heritabilities for ...
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Allelic variants at the Psy-A1 and Psy-B1 loci in durum wheat and their associations with grain yellowness
Phytoene synthase (PSY) genes are involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoid pigments in durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.], significantly influencing grain yellowness. This study was conducted to identify new allelic variants at the Psy-A1 and Psy-B1 loci in durum wheat, and to evaluate the applicability of functional markers developed from common wheat (Triticum ...
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Genetic variation and the effectiveness of early-generation selection for soft winter wheat quality and gluten strength
Selection for milling and baking quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) head-rows could increase the efficiency of most soft winter wheat (SWW) breeding programs. We evaluated whole grain-wheat meal (WM) assays for their ability to select lines with acceptable SWW quality and high gluten strength in early-generations and estimated heritability of SWW quality and gluten strength. One hundred ...
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Effect of dwarfing Rht genes on Fusarium head blight resistance in two sets of near-isogenic lines of wheat and check cultivars
Reduced height (Rht) genes are used in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding throughout the world. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) and F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc. Objectives of this study were to analyze the effects of (i) specific Rht dwarfing genes on FHB reaction using two sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) and ...
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Haploidy in cultivated wheats: induction and utility in basic and applied research
The usefulness of haploid plants in basic research in cytogenetics, genetics, evolution, and practical plant breeding is well known. Haploid plants provide an efficient research tool for studies on induced mutagenesis and genetic transformation. They also help elucidate the genetic control of chromosome pairing inherently present in allopolyploids such as bread wheat, durum wheat, and oats. ...
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Outcrossing in early-stage spring wheat breeder seed development
Outcrossing (OC) during the initial stages of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeder seed development ('head-rowing') may lead to off-types appearing in later generations of pedigreed seed. The objective of this research project was to measure OC in a simulated short (1.3 m) breeder row nursery of spring wheat. Rows of four cultivars known to differ in OC potential were grown at up to 12 ...
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Changes In Yield And Carbon Isotope Discrimination Of Italian And Spanish Durum Wheat During The 20th Century
This study evaluates the breeding of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) during the 20th century with respect to yield and grain carbon isotope discrimination (), and their relationship with plant height, harvest index (HI), days from sowing to anthesis, and days from anthesis to maturity. Twenty-four cultivars released before 1945 (old), between 1950 and 1985 (intermediate), and ...
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Breeding effects on grain filling, biomass partitioning, and remobilization in mediterranean durum wheat
This work assesses the changes resulting from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) breeding in Italy and Spain during the 20th century on grain filling, biomass production, and allocation at anthesis, and the remobilization of preanthesis photosynthates to the grain of main stems. Field experiments, involving 12 Italian and 12 Spanish cultivars released at different periods, were ...
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Ancient roots of wheat virus resistance
The DNA sequence of a gene responsible for resistance to a devastating virus in wheat has been discovered, providing important clues for managing more resistant crops and maintaining a healthy food supply. Wheat crops in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Africa are regularly damaged by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), and there is a high demand for wheat varieties or cultivars that are resistant ...
By Lifeasible
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A Saline Duper Wheat that Tolerates Higher Salt Concentrations!
In the past few decades, agricultural land has been largely lost, and increased salinity in soils around the world has received much attention. Nowadays, nearly 8% of the world's arable land can no longer be used for crop cultivation due to salt pollution, and more than half of the world's countries are affected. Wheat is the second largest grain grown after corn and grows more on Earth than any ...
By Lifeasible
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