Horticulture Articles
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Nitrogen source and rate effects on the establishment of ‘TifSport’ and ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass
In the southeast United States, the most popular vegetatively propagated hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis Pers. L.) has long been the cultivar Tifway. In recent years, however, southern turf managers choosing cultivars for lawns, golf course fairways, or athletic fields have a newer option: ‘TifSport’ hybrid bermudagrass, also a vegetative selection. Although the use of ...
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Evaluation of dandelion as a potential forage species in mixed-species swards
Recent research has indicated that increasing species diversity of the pastures might improve sward productivity and stability. The present experiment evaluates the effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber) as a potential pasture species on the performance of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) mixture in terms of total herbage yield, weed ...
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Mapping and comparison of quantitative trait loci for oleic acid seed content in two segregating soybean populations
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] produces 29.4% of the world's edible vegetable oil. An important determinant of the nutritional value and the oxidative stability of soybean oil is the oleic acid content. Elevation of the oleate content levels leads to the improvement of soybean oil quality. However, our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying oleate variation in soybean seeds remains ...
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Changes in genetic diversity of U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm over seven decades of cultivar development
Plant breeding methodologies have been applied to flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for approximately seven decades. As has been observed in several other crops, stringent quality requirements have resulted in use of conservative breeding strategies in the development of new cultivars. The impact of breeding practices on genetic diversity within U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm has not ...
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Salinity effects on seed germination and vegetative growth of greens-type poa annua relative to other cool-season turfgrass species
Seed germination and vegetative growth studies were conducted to determine relative salinity tolerance of greens-type Poa annua L. compared with other cool-season turfgrass species. Effects of increasing salinity stress on final germination percentage (FGP), germination rate (GR), clipping yield dry weight (CYD), verdure dry weight (VD), root dry weight (RD), and the longest root length (LRL) ...
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Water deficit alters canopy structure but not photosynthesis during the regrowth of Alfalfa
Growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) following the correction of a water deficit will depend in part on the characteristics of the canopy grown during the water deficit. The current study was undertaken to determine the extent to which canopy structure and photosynthetic capacity are affected in alfalfa plants regrowing following defoliation while exposed to a water deficit. The effects of five ...
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Genomewide selection for rapid introgression of exotic germplasm in maize
The length of time needed for prebreeding in adapted x exotic maize (Zea mays L.) crosses has deterred breeders from exploiting exotic germplasm. My objective in this study was to determine, by simulation, the usefulness of genomewide selection for the rapid improvement of an adapted x exotic cross. I simulated F2, BC1, and BC2 populations from an adapted x exotic maize cross. The adapted inbred ...
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A southern root-knot nematode resistance QTL linked to the T-Locus in soybean
Southern root-knot nematode [RKI; Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] is an important soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pest. When RKI resistance was introgressed from the highly resistant, gray pubescent breeding line G93-9009 into moderately resistant, tawny pubescent cultivars BoggsRR and BenningRR, higher than expected proportions of two advanced backcross populations had gray ...
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A comparison of two cotton cultivars differing in maturity for within-canopy fiber property variation
Improving uniformity in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber properties increases fiber processing performance. Our objective was to compare two cultivars differing in relative maturity for within-canopy variability of fiber physical properties and fiber surface chemical constituents. The cultivars (DPL 555 BG/RR [mid-full maturity] and PM 1218 BG/RR [early maturity]) were grown in plots on a ...
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A comparative analysis of conventional and marker-assisted selection methods in breeding maize streak virus resistance in maize
Reliable information regarding comparative advantage of marker-assisted selection (MAS) over conventional selection (CS) in breeding for maize streak virus (MSV) resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) is scarcely available. A comparative study was, therefore, conducted to determine the efficiency of both methods in breeding for MSV resistance in Uganda. Backcross and selfed-progenies were derived from ...
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Inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in three lines of soft red winter wheat
Since 2000, stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks., has been the most important foliar disease of wheat in the eastern United States. Three lines of soft red winter wheat, ‘McCormick’, VA96W-270, and a variant of VA96W-270 (VA96W-270V), were resistant to the stripe rust population first described in the United States in 2000. The objective of this study was to ...
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Augmenting the pearl millet core collection for enhancing germplasm utilization in crop improvement
Developing a core collection that represents the diversity of entire collection is an efficient approach to enhance the use of germplasm in crop improvement. Core collections are dynamic and need to be revised when additional germplasm and information become available. In the present study, the pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] core collection, consisting of 1600 accessions selected ...
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Bahiagrass tetraploid germplasm: Reproductive and agronomic characterization of segregating progeny
The tetraploid germplasm of bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Flüggé, is an unexploited source of variability that can be used for the genetic improvement of this species as forage or turf. The objectives of this research were to develop a segregating population by hybridizing induced sexual and apomictic clones and to characterize the resulting population for mode of reproduction, seed fertility, ...
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AFLP discrimination of native north American and cultivated hop
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is cultivated for the female flowers, or 'cones,' which traditionally have been used as a bittering and flavoring agent in beer. Hop breeding historically relied on relatively simple selection techniques within established breeding lines. Supplementing current breeding material with new genetic sources would enhance a hop breeder's ability to select for new traits. The ...
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Downward mobility of 14C-Labeled simazine in a bermudagrass system vs. a fallow soil system
Pesticides applied to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) can be captured by the canopy, absorbed by the roots, or bound in the thatch layer, which reduces the amount available to leach compared with a fallow soil system where pesticides may be applied directly to soil. 14C-Simazine was applied to dormant bermudagrass and fallow soil in lysimeters in a cold growth chamber (5°C) (cold-fallow soil) ...
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Simulation of soil carbon dynamics under sugarcane with the CENTURY model
Currently there is a trend for the expansion of the area cropped with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), driven by an increase in the world demand for biofuels, due to economical, environmental, and geopolitical issues. Although sugarcane is traditionally harvested by burning dried leaves and tops, the unburned, mechanized harvest has been progressively adopted. The use of process based models ...
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Decomposition of carbon-14-labeled organic amendments and humic acids in a long-term field experiment
The stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) is an important process in the context of global change and is strongly affected by soil use and management. We investigated the mineralization and stabilization of 14C-labeled wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw and 14C-labeled farmyard manure under different cropping systems (crop rotation, monoculture, and bare fallow) in a long-term field ...
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Not just hot air — global diplomacy and the search for a successor to Kyoto
Every winter the gates of Copenhagen's famous Tivoli Gardens, an old world amusement park in the city centre, open to officially mark the beginning of the extended Christmas period. This December the twinkling lights of Tivoli will most likely be outshone by COP 15 — the most important global climate change meeting ever — as thousands of diplomats, politicians, business people, environmentalists ...
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The role of natural purified humic acids in modifying Mercury accessibility in water and soil
Received for publication April 17, 2008. Contamination of soils with mercury can be a serious problem. It can be mobilized or stabilized by humic substances (HS) containing binding sites with reduced sulfur that can have different binding capacities for CH3Hg+ and for Hg2+. In this work we investigated the influence of different humic acids (HAs, extracted from lignite, compost, and forest soil) ...
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A method to predict weekly strawberry fruit yields from extended season production systems
In major strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) production areas, fruit are harvested continuously for 4 to 6 mo. During the season, weekly yields vary. To improve weekly forecasts, a yield prediction equation was developed for ‘Strawberry Festival’ using input variables derived from flower counts and temperature data over two seasons in Florida. Weekly yields are dependent on the number, size, and ...
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