Horticulture Articles
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Authentication of medicinal plant material by DNA fingerprinting
Based on their positive therapeutic results, herbal medicines are gaining popularity worldwide for human wellbeing and healthcare. Unfortunately, one major hurdle that might impair their potential future as 'medicine of choice' is the lack of standardisation. Many scientific studies on adulteration of herbal medicines have demonstrated that health consequences of adulterants may vary from life ...
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New methodical way for sustainable farming systems using treated sewage water in irrigation in Jordan
Most scientific approaches in research are done under objectified, controlled conditions. Such experiments do not reflect the everyday reality of farmers. Moreover, experimental research in agriculture does not always reflect the interests of Jordanian farmers. Another type of research is therefore needed. We need research that integrates Gamma and Beta sciences, farmers and scientists and the ...
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Influence of biotic-abiotic factors on the degradation of novaluron in tropical soil
In this study, the degradation of novaluron (benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions in clay loam alluvial and coastal saline soils of West Bengal, India. The application rates were field rate (FR); 2FR and 10FR. The incubation study was carried out at 30 °C and 60% of maximum water holding capacity of both the soils. Degradation of ...
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Soil organic carbon after twelve years of various crop rotations in an aridic boroll
Eliminating summer fallow or establishing perennial grass elicited measurable gains in soil organic C (SOC) after just 6 yr in a crop rotation study on an Aridic Boroll in southern Alberta. This study was resampled after 12 yr to determine if SOC increases were continuing with time and to evaluate the impact of alternative crop rotation and fertilizer treatments on SOC. The crop rotation ...
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The impact of using GM insect resistant maize in Europe since 1998
Genetically Modified (GM) insect resistant (Bt) maize crops have been grown commercially in the European Union (EU) since 1998, and in 2006, there were plantings in seven EU member states. This paper reviews the specific economic impacts on yield and farm income as well as the environmental impact in respect of insecticide usage (where data exists). The analysis shows that there have been ...
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Genetically modified crops, factor endowments, biased technological change, wages and poverty reduction
Genetically Modified (GM), Herbicide Tolerant (HT) white maize, developed in the USA to save labour, is being grown by smallholders in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. This paper uses panel data for Africa, Asia and Latin America to investigate the effects of factor endowments and biased technological change on productivity growth, labour incomes and poverty reduction. Preliminary results show that ...
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A differentiated account of the role of trust in consumers' acceptance of genetically modified foods in Germany
This paper proposes a sequential model to contrast the causal chain and associationist models on the role of trust in GM food acceptance. Data from 60 laddering interviews suggest the role of trust in evaluating the perceived consequences of GM food production and consumption is small and that the link between risk and trust is rather weak, too. Lending further support to the relevancy of the ...
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Impact of Bt cotton on farmer livelihoods in South Africa
The economic benefits of Genetically Modified (GM) crops in developing countries have been well documented, but little research has been undertaken to date on the impacts of GM adoption on household livelihoods. The research reported here aimed to assess the livelihood impacts of the adoption of Bt cotton in South Africa., and involved 100 interviews of resource-poor farmers growing Bt cotton in ...
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Is genetically engineered technology a good alternative to pesticide use: the case of GE eggplant in India
Are pesticides used efficiently in eggplant cultivation? Is Genetically Engineered (GE) eggplant a good alternative to pesticide use? Building on the literature on damage control specification for production functions, we estimated the pesticide productivity for eggplant, using data from a farm-level survey conducted in Maharashtra, India. Even though the intensity of pesticide use by Open ...
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The economic impacts of second generation Bt cotton in West Africa: empirical evidence from Burkina Faso
West Africa has been slow in adopting agricultural biotechnology. The most progressive stance has been taken by Burkina Faso, which began field testing Bt cotton in 2003. This paper reports the first three years of Bt cotton field trials, which found that Bt cotton increased cotton yields by an average of 20% and reduced insecticide applications by two-thirds. While the technical success of Bt ...
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Determinants of consumers' willingness to accept GM foods
This paper investigates Willingness to Accept (WTA) Genetic Modification (GM) foods based on experimental auctions carried out in the USA, UK and France. It explores perceptions of risk and benefits, moral concerns and their antecedents, attitudes to the environment and technology and trust in various sources using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Trust in information provided by industry ...
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Patent in genetic technology
Genetic technology, as a newly emerging technology, has brought a profound impact on the world. The achievement of genetic technology necessitates legal protection. Patent law protection will greatly promote science and genetic economy development. However, patent law protection also raises numerous questions and disputes. Starting from the concept of gene, this paper analyses the gene sequence, ...
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Natural essential oils from lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) to control postharvest anthracnose of mango fruit
Efficacy of essential oil extracted from lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) on controlling postharvest anthracnose of mango fruit, Nam Dokmai, compared with a fungicide was evaluated before and after inoculation using spore suspension of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The experiment was carried out at Rajamangala University of Technology, Suvarnabhumi, Ayudhya Huntra, Thailand, by means of ...
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Effect of feeding efficient microbial community on aerobic composting of municipal waste and excrement
Each of the total 13 strains of bacteria was isolated based on the characteristics of municipal waste and excrement, which include 6 strains of bacterium, 4 strains of streptomyces and 3 strains of actinomycetes; all of these were appropriate for aerobic composting. The Efficient Microbial Community (EMC) was constructed by these strains combination at certain ratios. A series of experiments were ...
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Disposal of seaweed wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) in composting process by marine bacterium Halomonas sp. AW4
A novel marine bacterium, identified as Halomonas sp. AW4 by partial 16S rDNA analysis, was isolated from the seaweeds in Awaji Island, Japan. Strain AW4 grew well even in the wide NaCl concentration ranges of 0?3 mol/L, where it showed an optimal growth in the presence of 0.5 mol/L NaCl. The organic components were reduced to 73.6% of initial dry weight after 168 h of composting by inoculation ...
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Kinetics of the low-temperature pyrolysis of walnut shell
The walnut shell with particle size less than 0.154 mm pyrolysis mass loss behaviour was studied at different heating rates (5, 10, 20, 30, 40?C/min) using pyris1 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. Results showed that the activation energies of walnut shell pyrolysis under the different fractions decomposed were centred on 134?172 kJ/mol by Ozawa method and Kissinger?Akahira?Sunose ...
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The Sustainable Net Domestic Product of Cambodia, 1988?2004
In the tradition of Hicks (1946), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an inadequate measure of national income insofar as it includes, as current income, the depletion of income-generating capital. Using an alternative measure of Hicksian national income called Sustainable Net Domestic Product (SNDP) (Daly, 1996), it is shown that, for the period 1988?2004, Cambodia's SNDP was lower than its GDP. ...
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Calcineurin target crza regulates conidial germination, hyphal growth, and pathogenesis of aspergillus fumigatus
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, Public Health Research Institute, International Center for Public Health, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, Department of Laboratory Animal ...
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The state of composting and biological waste treatment in the UK
In 2005/06 3.4 million tonnes of source segregated waste was composted, an increase of 28% on the previous year. 85% was municipal waste, with just over half of this collected at civic amenity sites Less than one per cent of municipal waste was kitchen waste collected at the kerbside 65% of waste composted was composted at dedicated composting / biological treatment sites, with 10% on farm ...
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Bumper plastics crop harvested for recycling
Rising oil prices have led to increased interest in the recycling of plastics. Firms processing plastic granulate are scouring the world for the best and cheapest sources of such materials. The success of greenhouse farming in southern Spain has made available for recycling enormous quantities of end-of-life agricultural ...
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