Irrigation Articles
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Testing confirms more efficient fertiliser use lifts gross margins
This article discusses how accounting for the variation in crop yield potential due to season and soil type when formulating fertiliser rates can increase profit and reduce nutrient excesses. It shows that improved estimates of yield potential can increase gross margins by A$2–$20/ha over ‘farming-for-the-average’, with higher increases on soils with lower plant-available water capacity at drier ...
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Conjunctive use of water: valuing of groundwater under irrigation tanks in semiarid region of India
Supply of electricity to the agriculture sector for pumping groundwater is heavily subsidised in India. Hence, this paper helps in finding the impact of subsidised electricity policy by fitting water response function and valuing of groundwater under conjunctive use. From the study it is found that the surface water utilisation is declining by increasing groundwater in the conjunctive use. It ...
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Tie-ridge tillage for high altitude pulse production in northern ethiopia
Pulses including faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.), and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) are important components of the cropping systems of semiarid high-altitude northern Ethiopia. Yield potential is often constrained by severe water deficits during grain fill which might be alleviated by reducing runoff throughout the season using microbasin or tie-ridge tillage. Research ...
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Improving the ceres-maize model ability to simulate water deficit impact on maize production and yield components
Crop models are potential tools for designing water-efficient strategies and should be tested for accurate prediction of water deficit effects on production. The objective of this research was to test and improve the CERES-Maize model (CERES-4.0) for ability to predict accurately maize biomass and grain yield components under water-limiting conditions in an environment where the model had ...
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Tiller contribution to spring wheat yield under varying seeding and nitrogen management
Hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield is comprised of the combined production of the main stem and tiller spikes. Experiments were conducted under dryland (Casselton, ND) and irrigated (Carrington, ND) conditions from 2003 to 2005 to determine tiller development and the relative contribution of main and tiller wheat spikes to final grain yield under varying cultivar, ...
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White wheat grain quality changes with genotype, nitrogen fertilization, and water stress
The production of hard white winter (HWW) wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) with acceptable protein content and quality over different environments requires the correct combination of genotypes and management practices. The objectives of this study were to evaluate moisture deficit and N management on grain protein and quality of seven HWW and two soft white winter (SWW) genotypes, and to identify ...
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DOLLOT FONTAINE, France: Skid–Elimination of turbidity and microbiological retention. Treatment of pesticides
The Dollot Fontaine plant treats waters from the Dollot and Fontaine catchments that have high variations in turbidity and presence of pesticides.The Ultrafiltration by membranes combined with Cristal® process was implemented in this plant to deal with this problem ...
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Normalized difference vegetation index and soil color-based management zones in irrigated maize
Spectral vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have been shown to be useful for indirectly obtaining crop information such as photosynthetic efficiency, productivity potential, and potential yield. The objectives of this study were (i) to examine the relationships among NDVI determined early in the growing season, soil color-based management zones (SCMZ), ...
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Effect of implementing organic farming on chemical and biochemical properties of an irrigated loam soil
Conventional agriculture can lead to reduced soil organic matter and depletion in soil fertility. For that reason, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommends organic matter incorporation to soils to increase their agronomic quality. This work studies the effect of the transition to organic farming on chemical and biochemical properties of a loam soil (Xerofluvent), ...
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Yield, quality, and fruit distribution in bollgard/roundup ready and bollgard ii/roundup ready flex cottons
New transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) technologies Bollgard II/Roundup Ready Flex (BGII/RRF) provide additional mechanisms for the cotton crop to retain early initiated fruiting structures positioned in the lower canopy. It may be possible, therefore, for early fruit retention to become too high with these new technologies resulting in early cutout and reduced yield. The objective of this ...
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Yield, yield components, and forage nutritive value of alfalfa as affected by seeding rate under irrigated conditions
Persistence is a critical component of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) crop yield. Our objective was to determine the effect of seeding rate on alfalfa persistence, yield, and yield components and how they evolved over time in irrigated areas with long growing seasons. Two alfalfa cultivars were seeded at four seeding rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha–1), in three consecutive experiments, and ...
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Precision application of water for peri-urban horticulture
Vegetables are grown in the peri-urban zone throughout Australia on various soil types and in various climates. In order to grow vegetables throughout the year, irrigation is generally needed to supplement natural precipitation. Peri-urban horticulture in the Sydney region supplies fresh vegetables, cut flowers, turf and other farm produce. Competition for water and environmental impacts (e.g. ...
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EDTA in the environment: with special reference to the dairy industry
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) acid has been used as an additive to caustic agents facilitating removal of Ca, Mg and trace metals in dairy processing plants for many years. Effluents from the dairy industry are either discharged to surface waters or used in land irrigation systems. In particular, the effluents from a large dairy factory discharged to a small stream have the potential to pose ...
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Net biome productivity of irrigated and rainfed maize–soybean rotations: modeling vs. Measurements
Estimates of agricultural C sequestration require an understanding of how net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and net biome productivity (NBP) are affected by land use. Such estimates will most likely be made using mathematical models that have undergone well-constrained tests against field measurements of CO2 exchange as affected by management. We tested a hydraulically driven soil–plant–atmosphere ...
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Performance of site-specific nutrient management for irrigated, transplanted rice in northwest india
Like in other parts of Asia, irrigated, transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield increases in Punjab, India, have slowed down in recent years. Further yield increases are likely to occur in smaller increments through fine-tuning of crop management mainly by accounting for the large spatial and temporal variation in soil characteristics. On-farm experiments were conducted from 2002 to 2004 at 56 ...
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Irrigated, no-till corn and barley response to nitrogen in Northern Colorado
Converting irrigated, conventional-till (CT) systems to no-till (NT) production systems can potentially reduce soil erosion, fossil fuel consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen fertilization effects on irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) and malting barley (Hordeum distichon L.) yields in a corn-barley rotation were evaluated for 6 yr on a clay loam soil to determine the viability of using a ...
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Surface energy fluxes and evapotranspiration of a mango orchard grown in a semiarid environment
Data from field experiments conducted in the semiarid climatic conditions of northeast Brazil were used to investigate the energy flux relations and evapotranspiration (ET) of a mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchard. The Bowen ratio–energy balance method was applied during the 1998–1999 fruiting cycles to estimate the energy balance components of the mango orchard, while the FAO Penman–Monteith ...
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Rhizoma peanut yield and nutritive value are influenced by harvest technique and timing
Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a warm-season perennial forage legume adapted to the southern USA. The objectives of this study were to evaluate harvest technique and timing on dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations of rhizoma peanut. Two experiments (one without irrigation and one with irrigation) each ...
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The effect of rigid scheduling on productivity and water-use of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown under small-scale irrigation
This paper evaluates the results of a study highlighting the effect of rigid scheduling on crop water use and soil water extraction patterns, crop coefficients, crop response functions and water-use efficiency (WUE). The cumulative Penman potential evapotranspiration (Etp) at the end of the season reached around 400 mm and the total depth of water applied between planting and harvest through ...
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Organisational strategies in situations of water scarcity: self-administered irrigation systems in Mexico
A systematic comparison of in-depth case studies of self-organisation for the administration, maintenance and construction of irrigation systems seems to offer interesting and suggestive results in terms of gaining familiarity with and analysing the capacity for self-organisation, as well as for discovering and classifying different organisational responses to similar types of problems. This ...
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