Irrigation Articles
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The implementation of participatory irrigation management in Andhra Pradesh, India
This paper discusses the implementation of irrigation reform policy in the State of Andhra Pradesh, India. It reports on the impact of the introduction of participatory irrigation management (PIM) in two secondary canals (distributaries) in the Tungabhadra Right Bank Low Level Canal irrigation system. The empirical findings are that the rural elite has captured most of the seats in the water ...
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Trace element and heavy metal concentrations in fruits and vegetables of the Gediz River region
The Gediz river that irrigates the largest agricultural part of the Aegean Region's "Gediz Plain" is being polluted by industrial and domestic wastes starting from the Murat Mountain and continuing to the river's mouth. To study the pollution status, vegetables (tomato, pepper, bean, purslane, cowpea), fruits (apple, plum, pomegranate, walnut, watermelon, peach, cherry, grape), and leaf samples ...
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Water rights, investments and meanings: conflict and change in a traditional irrigation system in northern Morocco
This paper starts by discussing the relationships between water rights, investment and issues of legitimacy and social relationships in traditional (farmer-created and farmer-managed) irrigated systems. External interventions to modify or "improve" these systems create "stakes" at different levels, i.e. opportunities for a change in the balances of power and wealth among the various stakeholders. ...
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Giving way to the elephant: the dynamics of participation in the management of a Balinese subak
Irrigation Communities, a common reference point for Water Users' Associations, are corporate groups that manage irrigation systems under local or indigenous charters. This paper begins by pointing out that local control in irrigation does not necessarily imply effective participatory management. It then undertakes a detailed examination of the internal dynamics of participation in an Irrigation ...
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Comparative research on water and energy-saving irrigation systems in the GAP and Aegean regions of Turkey
This research was carried out to determine the effects of furrow, sprinkler, drip, mobile nozzle, mobile drip and LEPA (Low Energy Precision Application) irrigation methods on the yields and Water Use Efficiency of cotton in the South Eastern Anatolian Project (GAP) Area and in the Aegean Region. According to the results obtained, the highest yield was produced from the drip irrigation method. ...
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A tale of two developments of irrigation: India and USA
This paper offers a comparative study of economic history of two of the four largest irrigation systems in the world covering a period of about one hundred years, and points out the major lessons learnt from development experiences. This is especially significant since one is a developing country (which was considered a "more developed" irrigation system a century ago) and the other is a ...
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Common pool resources and communal control: empirical evidence from Himachal Pradesh, India
The Sirmour district, Himachal Pradesh, India, lies in the western Himalayan range. Mixed-farming is the main occupation in the mid-hills and basically consists of agriculture, livestock and forest produces. Hence, communal forests (mushtarka), common grazing lands (ghasnies) and gravity-flow irrigation systems (kuhl) were found to be the three major common pool resources in the villages of ...
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Fertility status, trace elements and heavy metal pollution of agricultural land irrigated from the Gediz River
The effect of the Gediz River, polluted by industrial and domestic wastes, on fertility status and trace elements and heavy metal pollution of agricultural land irrigated from this river was investigated. For this purpose, soil samples were collected in August 1998 between the source of the Gediz River (Murat Mountain) and its mouth (Aegean Sea). Soil samples were collected from 12 different ...
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A model approach to evaluate irrigation system water balance: an example from the Gediz Basin, Turkey
An increase in the amount of water used for agriculture has resulted in the need for water savings and measurements in the agricultural sector. With the increasing competition for water, not only should irrigation water be considered, but also an approach encompassing the total water balance is necessary. A clear understanding of all the components of the water balance is essential so as to ...
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Water and forests as instruments for sustainable regional development
An inappropriate development programme at a mega-tourist project has dramatically reduced water levels in the underground aquifers at Bahias de Huatulco, a beautiful site on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. The indigenous communities in the neighbouring highlands suffered, as their forests were logged and their identity was threatened by the pressures from the globalised tourist programme. By ...
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Irrigation Solution at Bodega Harbour Golf Course
The Links at Bodega Harbour in Bodega Bay, CA just about an hour north of the Golden Gate Bridge is not only one of California’s most impressive golf courses, but it demonstrates a high degree of conservation by utilizing highly treated effluent from a local wastewater treatment plant for irrigating the grounds. Brian Morris, Superintendent, knows that a course such as this needs the best in ...
By Orival, Inc.
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Monitoring of Nitrate Leaching in Sandy Soils: Comparison of Three Methods
Abstract Proper N fertilizer and irrigation management can reduce nitrate leaching while maintaining crop yield, which is critical to enhance the sustainability of vegetable production on soils with poor water and nutrient-holding capacities. This study evaluated different methods to measure nitrate leaching in mulched drip-irrigated zucchini, pepper, and tomato production systems. Fertigation ...
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Losing Soil
In 1938, Walter Lowdermilk, a senior official in the Soil Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, traveled abroad to look at lands that had been cultivated for thousands of years, seeking to learn how these older civilizations had coped with soil erosion. He found that some had managed their land well, maintaining its fertility over long stretches of history, and were ...
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Grain legumes in northern great plains
Cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains have shifted from fallow-based to legume-based systems. The introduction of grain legumes has impacted soil organisms, including both symbiotic and nonsymbiotic N-fixing bacteria, pathogens, mycorrhizae and fauna, and the processes they perform. These changes occur through effects of legume seed exudates, rhizosphere exudates, and decomposing crop ...
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Seeding rate and nitrogen management effects on spring wheat yield and yield components
Seeding rate, N level, and N application timing are key management factors for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in North Dakota. Experiments were conducted under dryland (Casselton, ND) and irrigated (Carrington, ND) conditions in 2003 to 2005 to determine the optimum combination of seeding rate and N management to maximize yield of hard red spring wheat (HRSW). Treatments consisted ...
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Spectral Reflectance Properties of Winter Cover Crops in the Southeastern Coastal Plain
Conservation tillage is a commonly adopted best management practice for reducing runoff and erosion, and increasing infiltration. Yet current methodologies in place to monitor conservation tillage adoption are largely inappropriate for regional or national assessments. A major goal of this study was to evaluate the spectral response properties of four alternative winter cover crops using remotely ...
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Soil Management for Sustainable Agricultural Productivity in Bangladesh
Introduction: The 'rules of road' by which agricultural researchers measure the impact of their work are being restudied. The first conclusion is that it is impossible to choose between food needs of today and food needs of 100 years from now. Somehow the food production system in Bangladesh must keep pace with the demand that 9 million new mouths place on it every year. Second, the natural ...
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Treating Winery Wastewater Without Ponds
Wineries traditionally treat their wine process wastewater with aerobic (aerated) ponds to biologically degrade the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The treated wastewater from these ponds needs to have a BOD of 40 ppm or less (depending on the location of the winery) before the winery can discharge the water to the vineyards for irrigation. The discharge level of 40 ppm as well as the ...
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Improving Dairy Wastewater
Dairy Wastewater Treatment The typical dairy wastewater treatment system has a “separator” screen that removes about 10-15% of the larger solids from the flush water. The solids are returned as bedding for the cows, and the dairy waste water liquid flows to the first pond. Typically, there are a series of ponds, which rely on anaerobic (without oxygen) digestion to degrade ...
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Perceptions and practices of farmers towards the salinity problem: the case of Harran Plain, Turkey
The Harran region, located in the South-eastern part of Turkey, is facing an increasing salinity problem due to excessive and inefficient irrigation practices. In this paper, we survey 619 cotton producers in the region and analyse their perceptions and practices towards soil salinity. The survey results indicate that formal education and training are the central factors that determine the ...
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