Subsurface Irrigation Articles

A non-sacrificial boron-doped diamond electrode was prepared in the laboratory and used as a novel anode for electrochemical oxidation of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. This wastewater poses environmental threats as it is characterized by a high content of recalcitrant organics. The influence of several process variables, applied current density, initial pH, supporting electrolyte nature, ...

Sep. 10, 2017

By IWA Publishing

In the current work, alumina modified natural zeolite (Z-Al) was used for fluoride adsorption in aqueous solution. Effects of process parameters such as pH, temperature, initial concentration and contact time were investigated. Box–Behnken design was found effective in defining the operating conditions for fluoride sorption onto Z-Al. Confirmatory experiments were conducted to examine the ...

May 18, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Magnetic chicken bone-based biochar (MCBB) was successfully prepared and efficiently adsorbed rhodamine-B (RB) dye and tetracycline (TC) in multi-component systems. The magnetisation value, surface area, and pHpzc of the MCBB were found to be 66.5 emu/g, 328 m2/g, and 8.3, respectively. RB has higher saturation capacity (96.5 mg/g) and occupies more active sites on MCBB, thus limiting ...

Apr. 12, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Management and scheduling of irrigation water requires consideration of evapotranspiration, one of the most important hydrological variables. This study investigates the variations in the daily potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and its aerodynamic (ETa) and radiometric (ETr) components in three areas (western, central and eastern) of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ...

Mar. 23, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Simply coating 1 wt.% of platinum on titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface resulted in simple preparation of platinized TiO2 (Pt-TiO2). This study demonstrated the photodegradation of atrazine (ATZ) using either Pt-TiO2 or TiO2 as a photocatalyst under 352 nm light irradiation. The Pt-TiO2-catalyzed ATZ degradation reached 76% in 3 hours without ...

Dec. 21, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Alternative treatments, such as, NaOH, ultrasound assisted (UA) and supercritical CO2 (SCO2), were performed to improve the potential of rice husk as adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. All the treatments improved the surface characteristics of rice husk, exposing its organic fraction and/or providing more adsorption sites. The Langmuir and Hill models were able ...

Nov. 7, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Climate change will affect the water balance of irrigated agriculture. Therefore, farmers and irrigation managers should consider adapting to new scenarios. Changes in water demands in a Mexican irrigation district were studied using an irrigation-scheduling model. The impact on water demands of two potential adaptation actions, adjusting planting season and using longer-season varieties (LV), ...

Nov. 6, 2016

By IWA Publishing

This paper explores the dynamic interface of state-water users' relationships in large-scale surface irrigation in India and China, to inquire to what extent the issues encountered in large-scale irrigation management and governance are independent of regime characteristics. Though operating in very different overall political regimes, China and India exhibit strong similarities in the way a ...

Oct. 16, 2016

By IWA Publishing

The main aim of this research was to study the efficiency of modified walnut shell with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in the adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions. This experimental study was carried out in a batch condition to determine the effects of factors such as contact time, pH, humic acid concentration, dose of adsorbents (raw walnut shell, modified walnut ...

Sep. 11, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration is vitally important for management of water resources and environmental protection. This study investigated the accuracy of integrating genetic algorithm and support vector machine (GA-SVM) models using climatic variables for simulating daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The developed GA-SVM models were tested using the ET0 calculated by ...

Sep. 8, 2016

By IWA Publishing

The synthesis of polysilylethers (PSEs) using a monomer derived from a biorenewable feedstock is reported. The AB-type monomer was synthesized from undecenoic acid through hydrosilylation and reduction, and the polymerization was catalyzed by earth-abundant metal salts. High-molar-mass products were achieved, and the degree of polymerization was controlled by varying the amount of an AA-type ...

Aug. 29, 2016

By SusChem

Actual daily evapotranspiration (ETa) was measured in two weighing micro-lysimeters, from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2011 on an alpine meadow in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China. The findings showed that the mean daily ETa in the unfrozen and frozen periods was 2.0 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively. The dominant factor affecting ETa in the unfrozen period was net radiation ...

Jul. 28, 2016

By IWA Publishing

The presence of orderly arranged rows and spacing of crop vegetation increases the anisotropy of the Earth's surface, and affects the resistance of the surface to overland flow. However, few studies have addressed how the orderly arrangement of crop vegetation affects the resistance of the surface to overland flow. In the present study, we consider that flow resistance has anisotropic ...

Jun. 22, 2016

By IWA Publishing

In the present study, we have used a simple and cost-effective removal technique by a commercially available Fe-Al-SiO2 containing complex material (hardened paste of Portland cement (HPPC)). The adsorbing performance of HPPC and modified HPPC with perlite for removal of cefixime from aqueous solutions was investigated comparatively by using batch adsorption studies. HPPC has been selected ...

Jun. 13, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Adsorption of lead (II) ions onto cassava starch 5-choloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline polymer (CSCMQ) was investigated with the variation in the parameters of pH, contact time, lead (II) ions concentration, temperature and the adsorbent dose. The Langmuir and Freundlich models have been applied. CSCMQ was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. ...

Jun. 9, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Electrophoretic deposition was used to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructured films on copper substrate in aqueous media for photocatalytic application. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with a weight rate from 0 to 15% was added to TiO2 P25 suspension in order to enhance film adhesion. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, contact angle measurement, ...

May 4, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Worldwide, major changes in the climate are expected due to global warming, which leads to temperature variations. To assess the climate change impact on the hydrological cycle, a spatio-temporal change detection study of potential evapotranspiration (PET) along with maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) over India have been performed for the second half of the 20th century ...

Apr. 24, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Water shortage has encouraged the quest for alternative sources of water for food production and agricultural development. Recycled water (RW) is one of the most available water resources with great potential for use in farm irrigation. This experiment was carried out to investigate the use of RW as the irrigation source and its application method, subsurface leaky irrigation (SLI) system or ...

Apr. 22, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Based on the observational data of 47 meteorological stations in the northern and southern regions of the Qinling Mountains (NSQ) during 1960–2012, this paper estimated the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) by using the Penman–Monteith method. Further, a quantitative study was conducted of the ET0 spatial distribution pattern, temporal variation rules, ...

Feb. 7, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Recently, we developed two new Fenton catalysts using iron (Fe) and spent tea leaves or coffee grounds as raw material. In this study, Fe-to-tea or Fe-to-coffee polyphenol complexes were successfully tested as heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalysts. The photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue solutions with Fe-to-polyphenol complexes was higher than that of homogeneous iron salts in the ...

Jan. 21, 2016

By IWA Publishing