Subsurface Irrigation Articles

Innovative method for spray drying proteins with high yields. Spray-drying was shown to be a rapid, continuous, cost-effective, reproducible and scalable process for the production of dry powders from a liquid. Moreover, in the recent years, spray drying was identified by the pharmaceutical industry as a suitable method to produce protein particles used in pulmonary, nasal and oral ...

Sep. 20, 2017

By BÜCHI Labortechnik AG

Management and scheduling of irrigation water requires consideration of evapotranspiration, one of the most important hydrological variables. This study investigates the variations in the daily potential evapotranspiration (ET0), and its aerodynamic (ETa) and radiometric (ETr) components in three areas (western, central and eastern) of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ...

Mar. 24, 2017

By IWA Publishing

The relevance and significance of the findings of chemicals of emerging concern at nanogram concentrations in recycled water is critically important for the consumers of these crops. The relevance and significance of these chemicals at these concentrations is placed in perspective in terms of the number of years of consumption necessary to accrue one acceptable daily intake every day, over a ...

Dec. 20, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Climate change will affect the water balance of irrigated agriculture. Therefore, farmers and irrigation managers should consider adapting to new scenarios. Changes in water demands in a Mexican irrigation district were studied using an irrigation-scheduling model. The impact on water demands of two potential adaptation actions, adjusting planting season and using longer-season varieties (LV), ...

Nov. 7, 2016

By IWA Publishing

This paper explores the dynamic interface of state-water users' relationships in large-scale surface irrigation in India and China, to inquire to what extent the issues encountered in large-scale irrigation management and governance are independent of regime characteristics. Though operating in very different overall political regimes, China and India exhibit strong similarities in the way a ...

Oct. 17, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Crack-free PDMS-SiO2-TiO2 composite as photocatalyst was prepared for degrading dyes by using thin-film fixed bed reactor. The hydrophobic surface of the photocatalyst loaded with PDMS-SiO2-TiO2 composite could be considered as an extractant for organic pollutants. The effect of different supports including pumice stone, medicinal stone, and fiberglass for ...

Jul. 18, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Application of low quality water for irrigation is compulsive in facing water scarcity. Use of a magnetic field is an approach to overcome this challenge. This study examined the impact of magnetic field technology on improving germination under water of different salinity levels. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of saline water levels, i.e. (S1):0.5, (S2):2, ...

May 31, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Water shortage has encouraged the quest for alternative sources of water for food production and agricultural development. Recycled water (RW) is one of the most available water resources with great potential for use in farm irrigation. This experiment was carried out to investigate the use of RW as the irrigation source and its application method, subsurface leaky irrigation (SLI) system or ...

Apr. 23, 2016

By IWA Publishing

The aim of the study is to assess the influence of drainage layer made of reactive material Polonite® on the water retention and P-PO4 concentration in runoff. A column experiment was performed for extensive substrate underlined by 2 cm of Polonite® layer (SP) and the same substrate without supporting layer as a reference (S). The leakage phosphorus concentration ranged from ...

Apr. 5, 2016

By IWA Publishing

The reclaimed water from soil aquifer treatment (SAT) column was reused for irrigation as the source water, pollutants' removal and health risk assessment was analyzed via the comparison with secondary and tertiary effluents. The effect of the SAT pre-treatment on the qualities and growth of different crops (Lachca sativa – lettuce, Brasica rapa var chinensis ...

Mar. 2, 2016

By IWA Publishing

This study employs the positive mathematical programming (PMP) approach to estimate groundwater derived demand for irrigation using a cross-sectional dataset of 200 predominantly groundwater irrigated farms from the Punjab province of Pakistan. First, we find that the PMP optimal solution uses less water than what is available (being extracted) in order to make farmers allocate all the ...

Dec. 22, 2015

By IWA Publishing

August 2006. Tessman Brothers Irrigation, Warren, WI purchased a Crisafulli 16" humpback trailer pump and a Crisafulli 12" humpback trailer pump, and made the following observations: "The pumps were delivered on time, per specifications, and in good condition; the pumps were good value, performed as expected and met the customer's needs; the Crisafulli sales staff was knowledgeable about the ...

Dec. 8, 2015

By SRS Crisafulli, Inc.

Presented in this paper is a methodology for a spatially based multi-criteria evaluation of land suitability for irrigation (IR). A group of experts use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the consensus convergence model (CCM) to define weights of factors relevant in validating areas of land as suitable for IR and to develop IR suitability maps in the geographic information system (GIS) ...

Oct. 22, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Evapotranspiration integrates atmospheric demand and surface conditions. The Penman-Monteith equation was used to calculate annual and seasonal reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and thermodynamic and aerodynamic components (ETrad and ETaero) at 77 stations across northeast China, 1961–2010. The results were: (1) annual ETrad and ETaero had different ...

Sep. 18, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Bangladesh is losing huge food production from the Teesta catchment area due to a lack of availability of irrigation water in the dry and lean period because of unilateral water withdrawal in the upstream country, India. The area, which is directly dependent on the irrigation water of the Teesta river, is the study area for this paper. The study reveals that rice production in Dalia, ...

Aug. 6, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Using the copula method, the joint probability distribution of irrigation water volume and efficiency is constructed, and their joint return period is also described to reveal the encounter probability of irrigation water volume and efficiency. Furthermore, the conditional probability of irrigation water efficiency with different water volumes is built to show the quantitative effects of flow on ...

Jul. 24, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Diclofenac (DCF), one of the pharmaceutical and personal care products that has been widely detected in water, was selected as a model pollutant to evaluate the oxidation activity of α-MnO2 nanorods. The results showed that the heterogeneous oxidation process is highly pH dependent, with higher degradation efficiency at lower pH values. The complete removal of DCF was obtained within 80 ...

May 7, 2015

By IWA Publishing

The water‐soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil is a complex and toxic mixture of hydrocarbons. Since aquatic organisms directly encounter it, WSF plays an important role in the toxicity of crude oil in aquatic environments. To determine whether fish are attracted to or avoid WSF, Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) were exposed to different concentrations of WSF in a choice maze apparatus. The ...

Apr. 22, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Limitation of water resources and decline in the quality of soil and water have led to the use of saline water and application of management systems for reducing irrigation water. The subject of this study was to determine the effect of salinity and water stress on sugarcane yield in Iran with an operational and planning distribution model (OPDM) for 7 years (2002–2008). Irrigation scenarios ...

Apr. 21, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Flood irrigation in the winter has been widely applied in northwest China for several years, but little attention has been paid to the flood irrigation program to date. In order to seek a reasonable irrigation quota, a flood irrigation experiment using two common quotas (1,800 and 1,200 m3 ha−1) was conducted in an area irrigated by saline water in the Nanjiang basin with shallow ...

Apr. 8, 2015

By IWA Publishing