Turfgrass Articles
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Effect of compost-, sand-, or gypsum-amended waste foundry sands on turfgrass yield and nutrient content
Received for publication July 19, 2008. To prevent the 7 to 11 million metric tons of waste foundry sand (WFS) produced annually in the USA from entering landfills, current research is focused on the reuse of WFSs as soil amendments. The effects of different WFS-containing amendments on turfgrass growth and nutrient content were tested by planting perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall ...
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Seed yield, development, and variation in diverse poa pratensis accessions
Post-harvest residue removal is critical for high seed production of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Previous work showed some accessions have little yield reduction with mechanical removal of post-harvest residue compared with the controversial practice of open-field burning. Using 10 of these accessions, our objectives were (i) to relate seed yield and yield components in spaced plants ...
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Cool-season turfgrass colony and seed survival in a restored prairie
Nonnative cool-season turfgrasses are sometimes considered to be invasive species in restored prairies. The method of their invasiveness is poorly understood, as in many cases prairie restoration projects occur where the grasses were formerly planted. Colonies of 10 turfgrass species were placed into two anthropogenic prairies and monitored over a 2-yr period. Colonies of most species, including ...
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Spatial mapping of complex turfgrass sites: site-specific management units and protocols
Site-specific management units (SSMUs), similar in soil, plant, and irrigation requirements, are foundational to efficient management in precision agriculture. This concept is applied to management of complex turfgrass sites to improve irrigation practices. An experimental mobile unit mapped two golf fairways' turfgrass (Paspalum vaginatum SW.; ‘Salam’) in Naples, FL in summer 2006 on a 2.5 m ...
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Optimizing dosages of seaweed extract-based cytokinins and zeatin riboside for improving creeping bentgrass heat tolerance
Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum Jol.) extract-based cytokinins (SWEC) have been used to improve turfgrass stress tolerance, but optimum dosages for improving creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) heat tolerance are lacking. This study was designed to examine effects of SWEC at various dosages on creeping bentgrass heat tolerance and to compare their effects to a trans-zeatin riboside ...
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Evaluation of remote sensing to measure plant stress in creeping bentgrass (agrostis stolonifera l.) fairways
Turfgrass irrigation strategies must be clearly defined in response to increasing concerns over quality water availability. Water conservation may be achieved with technologies such as remote sensing. The objectives of this research were to (i) correlate reflectance measurements from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) under stress with volumetric water content and turf quality ...
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Competitiveness of agrostis interspecific hybrids in turfgrass swards
Transgenic herbicide-resistant cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) have been developed and are being considered for commercial release. Concerns regarding transgenic species include potential for outcrossing of the crop, which may produce novel genotypes with increased weediness. Persistence and multiyear growth of interspecific hybrids between creeping bentgrass and velvet ...
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Heritability estimates for turfgrass performance and stress response in zoysia spp.
Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) are widely adapted and highly variable; however, information is lacking regarding the heritability and potential for improvement of numerous performance characteristics. Three individual replicated field studies, which included 90 very fine, 108 fine, and 126 coarse-textured zoysiagrass genotypes, respectively, were conducted near Gainesville, FL, to determine the ...
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Evaluation of factors contributing to surface stability of sand-based turf
The stability of sand-based athletic fields is critical to maximizing playability and safety. The objective of this study was to assess the contributions of sand and plant factors to the surface stability of sports fields. In September 2000, Hallet mason sand (subround), Hallet concrete sand (subround, wide size range), Sidley Pro/Angle sand (angular), Bunker White sand (round), and a mixture of ...
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Soil water repellency development in amended sand rootzones
Particulate organic matter (OM) and surface area–limited sands are associated with soil water repellency (SWR) in turfgrass systems. The increasing ubiquity of amended sand rootzones warrants investigation of factors contributing to SWR. Our objective was to identify how amendment type and/or inclusion rate affect rootzone SWR over a range of irrigation regimes. A U.S. Golf Association–specified ...
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Molecular genetic linkage map for allotetraploid colonial bentgrass
Interspecific hybridization is a widely used approach to improve crop species. We are pursuing the possibility of using interspecific hybridization between the turfgrass species colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) and creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.) for the improvement of resistance to the fungal disease dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) in creeping bentgrass. From ...
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Effects of foliar-applied ethylene inhibitor and synthetic cytokinin on creeping bentgrass to enhance heat tolerance
Heat stress is a major factor causing leaf senescence and other physiological damages in cool-season grass species. Cytokinins and ethylene are two major plant hormones affecting leaf senescence. The objective of this study was to determine whether foliar application of an ethylene synthesis inhibitor (aminoethoxyvinylglycine, AVG) and a synthetic cytokinin (trans-zeatin riboside, t-ZR) would ...
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Nitrogen rate and mowing height effects on velvet and creeping bentgrasses for low-input putting greens
Economics and regulations are causing golf course managers to use lower-input approaches for turfgrass maintenance. Our objective was to compare velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.) and creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.) cultivars for putting green turf as affected by mowing height and N rate. Field plots were established on a sand-based root zone using a strip-split plot, randomized block ...
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Soil organic matter changes in turfgrass systems affect binding and biodegradation of simazine
Concern about pesticide losses from maintained turfgrass areas led us to examine the fate of the triazine herbicide simazine in turfgrass systems and, specifically, interactions between simazine binding to soil organic matter and biodegradation. Soil samples were removed from turfgrass systems of different ages, placed in microcosms, conditioned as sterile or nonsterile, and exposed to ...
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The inheritance of cold tolerance and turf traits in a seeded bermudagrass population
Low temperature tolerance is a principal factor limiting the use of seeded bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Therefore, increasing the winter tolerance of seeded bermudagrass cultivars has been a goal of turfgrass breeders for many years. Breeding methods for developing cultivars with increased tolerance to cold temperatures and superior turf characteristics could be ...
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Impacts of altered light spectral quality on warm season turfgrass growth under greenhouse conditions
Warm-season turfgrass quality declines under shade due to reduced photosynthesis, increased disease pressure, reduced carbohydrate production, tree root competition, and reduced lateral stem growth. Another factor limiting turfgrass growth and development under tree shade is variable qualities of light filtered by trees. However, effects of various filtered wavelengths on turfgrass performance ...
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Salinity effects on seed germination and vegetative growth of greens-type poa annua relative to other cool-season turfgrass species
Seed germination and vegetative growth studies were conducted to determine relative salinity tolerance of greens-type Poa annua L. compared with other cool-season turfgrass species. Effects of increasing salinity stress on final germination percentage (FGP), germination rate (GR), clipping yield dry weight (CYD), verdure dry weight (VD), root dry weight (RD), and the longest root length (LRL) ...
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Effectiveness of cultural thatch-mat controls for young and mature Kikuyu turfgrass
Excessive thatch and mat can be detrimental to turfgrass health and management. Mechanical and topdressing techniques to reduce accumulation of thatch and mat were evaluated in a 24-mo field study of kikuyu [Pennisetum clandestinum (Hochst. ex Chiov.)] turfgrass of two contrasting organic matter (OM) contents in the surface 50 mm of soil. Treatments included two kikuyugrass ages (established from ...
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Nitrogen and plant growth regulator influence on ‘champion’ Bermudagrass putting green under reduced sunlight
Managing warm-season turfgrasses with reduced sunlight is challenging due to C4 plant morphological limitations, such as reduced lateral stem growth. Adjusting cultural management practices, such as N and trinexapac-ethyl (TE) [4-(cyclopropyl-a-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester], application may benefit turfgrass performance when sunlight is reduced. Therefore, a ...
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Nitrogen increases evapotranspiration and growth of a warm-season turfgrass
The effect of N fertilizer rate on Kikuyu turfgrass [Pennisetum clandestinum (Hochst. ex Chiov)] evapotranspiration was evaluated during two summers. Evapotranspiration was measured using weighing lysimeters (205 mm in diameter by 625 mm in length) inserted in turfgrass field plots (10 m2). The experiment was a randomized plot design with three replicates. Treatments included two turfgrass ages ...
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