fertilizer Articles
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Bahiagrass tetraploid germplasm: Reproductive and agronomic characterization of segregating progeny
The tetraploid germplasm of bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Flüggé, is an unexploited source of variability that can be used for the genetic improvement of this species as forage or turf. The objectives of this research were to develop a segregating population by hybridizing induced sexual and apomictic clones and to characterize the resulting population for mode of reproduction, seed fertility, ...
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Aboveground to root biomass ratios in pea and vetch after treatment with organic fertilizer
Some growth parameters of pea (cv. Pleven 4) and vetch (cv. Obrazets 666) after treatment with organic fertilizer were studied in a field trial carried out at the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. Humustim as organic fertilizer was applied through presowing treatment of seeds, treatment during vegetation and combination between both, at different doses. Ratios of aboveground weight to ...
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Improving soil nutrition with poultry litter application in low-input forage systems
Despite high volumes of manure production in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, there are still areas of forage production that are nutrient deficient because manures have traditionally been applied to higher-value row crops. This study was conducted to compare the effects of poultry litter and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility and forage production. Two sites had the same treatments ...
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Evaluation of dandelion as a potential forage species in mixed-species swards
Recent research has indicated that increasing species diversity of the pastures might improve sward productivity and stability. The present experiment evaluates the effect of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber) as a potential pasture species on the performance of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) mixture in terms of total herbage yield, weed ...
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Influence of phosphorus and potassium on alfalfa yield, taproot C and N pools, and transcript levels of key genes after defoliation
Fertilization with K and P impacts alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield, but how these nutrients influence taproot reserves and gene expression is unknown. Our objectives were to determine how P and K impact (i) alfalfa yield and yield components, (ii) accumulation and use of taproot carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, and (iii) transcript levels for β-amylase, sucrose synthase, and the high ...
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Impact of long-term phosphorus and potassium fertilization on alfalfa nutritive value–yield relationships
Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) increase alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield, but little information is available on how forage nutritive value is affected by P and K fertilization. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term P and K fertilization on alfalfa yield–forage nutritive value relationships. A factorial experiment with four P and five K treatments was ...
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Maximizing Timothy forage yield and quality by balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur fertilization
A 3-yr (2005–2007) field experiment was conducted on a Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) loam near Star City, SK, Canada, to determine the influence of single and combined annual applications of N, P, and S fertilizers on timothy (Phleum pratense L.) forage dry matter yield (DMY), quality [concentration of crude protein (CP), nitrate N, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ...
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Protein fractions of tifton 85 and rye-ryegrass due to sward management practices
In the South, early weaned calves (Bos taurus) can be raised on pasture-based feeding programs, but to effectively meet their nutritional requirements, more information is needed on forage protein characteristics. Experiments were conducted from January to April and May to July 2003 and 2004 to evaluate the effects of N fertilization and regrowth interval on crude protein (CP) fraction ...
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Sward management effects on forage component responses in a production system for early weaned calves
There has been limited research to define appropriate management practices for pastures grazed by early weaned calves. Experiments were conducted from January to April (cool season) and May to July (warm season) 2003 and 2004 to evaluate the effects of N fertilization and regrowth interval on herbage mass and nutritive value of rye (Secale cereale L.)-annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ...
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Dietary cation–anion difference and tetany index of timothy forage fertilized with liquid swine manure
Incidence of metabolic disorders increases when dairy cows (Bos taurus) are fed forages that have a high dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) (>250 mmolc kg–1 dry matter, DM) or high grass tetany (GT) index (>2.2), both associated with high forage K concentration, often caused by applications of liquid swine manure (LSM). We determined how DCAD and GT index of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), ...
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Nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in Timothy as affected by N fertilization, stage of development, and time of cutting
Forages with increased total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations improve the N-use efficiency of dairy cows. This study determined the effect of time of cutting (0700 vs. 1500 h), stage of development (heading and anthesis), and N fertilization (30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 kg N ha–1 as NH4NO3) on the fermentable carbohydrate concentration of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grown in northern ...
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Enhancing phosphorus phytoremedation potential of two warm-season perennial grasses with nitrogen fertilization
Phytoremediation or use of plants to extract soil nutrients is a practice used to ameliorate the impacts of excessive soil nutrients. Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) and ‘Floralta’ limpograss [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb] were grown in a P-impacted Immokalee fine sand (Mehlich-1 P 30 mg P kg–1) to evaluate increasing N levels on dry matter yield (DMY), forage P ...
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Effect of nitrogen application on yield and quality of silage corn after forage legume-grass
Decomposition of forage legume-grass (FLG) sods after turnover will supply N to the next corn (Zea mays L.) crop. For optimum economic grain production typically a starter N application is sufficient. However, the impact of eliminating sidedress N on yield and quality of silage corn in the year after sod turnover (FYC) is not well documented and little is known about the effects of timing of sod ...
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Chicken Manure Management, Recycling, and Composting
Chicken Manure Fertilizer Manufacturing Process If you have chickens, you will have manure. Fortunately, chicken manure is among the most prized of manures. Fresh chicken manure is considered a “hot” manure, which is unsuitable for immediate use. Chicken manure needs to be composted and aged at least two to three months before you add it to your garden. If you don’t wait that ...
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Soil nitrate leaching in silvopastures compared with open pasture and pine plantation
Received for publication December 5, 2007. Wide acceptance of silvopasture as an alternative sustainable agricultural system in the southeastern United States will depend on an improved understanding of the tree-forage interactions and recognition of its environmental benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in soil nitrate leaching in different land-use systems, in north ...
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Soil nitrate leaching in silvopastures compared with open pasture and pine plantation
Wide acceptance of silvopasture as an alternative sustainable agricultural system in the southeastern United States will depend on an improved understanding of the tree-forage interactions and recognition of its environmental benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in soil nitrate leaching in different land-use systems, in north Florida. An 18-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus ...
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Nitrogen fertilization effect on phosphorus remediation potential of three perennial warm-season forages
Warm-season C4 grasses are capable of removing excess soil nutrients because of their high yield potential and nutrient uptake efficiency. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge), limpograss [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb], and stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst), three commonly used pasture grasses in South-Central Florida, were grown to examine the effect of increasing N ...
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Livestock development and poverty alleviation: revolution or evolution for upland livelihoods in Lao PDR?
Livestock play a key role in the lives of poor, rural people in developing countries, providing a major proportion of their cash income, capital assets, draught power, fuel and fertilizer. Rapid growth in demand for meat and dairy products in Asia presents both opportunities and challenges for livestock development and poverty alleviation. This paper explores the potential of livestock ...
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Influence of hexazinone on pensacola bahiagrass growth and crude protein content
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is the most widely used introduced forage in Florida, due to its persistence and productivity on low fertility soils. Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione], the only herbicide labeled for small and giant smutgrass [Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. and S. indicus (L.) R. Br. var. pyramidalis (P. Beauv.) Veldkamp] ...
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Annual legumes for forage systems in the United States gulf coast region
Forage-livestock systems in the U.S. Gulf Coast are based on perennial C4 grasses. System productivity often is predicated on significant inputs of N fertilizer, but rapidly escalating fertilizer prices raise questions about the sustainability of these systems and provide impetus for legume research. There are few successful forage legumes in the region, suggesting that alternative species merit ...
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