Forage Articles
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Nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in Timothy as affected by N fertilization, stage of development, and time of cutting
Forages with increased total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations improve the N-use efficiency of dairy cows. This study determined the effect of time of cutting (0700 vs. 1500 h), stage of development (heading and anthesis), and N fertilization (30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 kg N ha–1 as NH4NO3) on the fermentable carbohydrate concentration of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grown in northern ...
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Defoliation management of Bahiagrass Germplasm affects cover and persistence-related responses
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) cultivars are valued for their persistence under grazing and low management inputs. However, they are daylength-sensitive and have minimal cool-season production, resulting in high winter feeding costs in forage-based livestock systems. New germplasm is less daylength-sensitive, possesses greater cold tolerance, and is more productive during the cool season, ...
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No-till sequential cropping of summer and fall annual forage species compared with grassland
Summer (SAS) and fall annual species (FAS) can supplement animal forage requirements during times of slow growth of cool-season perennials. A 2-yr experiment was conducted in a perennial grassland (G) at the Reedsville Experimental Farm of West Virginia University to determine herbage accumulation (HA) and quality of two summer and two fall crops (in factorial combination) grown on the same land. ...
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Italian ryegrass management effects on nitrogen supply to a subsequent potato crop
There is increasing use of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a green manure in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotations; however, effects of its management on soil N supply to the subsequent potato crop are unknown. Fertilizer N management and plow-down date for a preceding Italian ryegrass crop, ‘Lemtal’, on soil N supply to a subsequent potato crop, ‘Russet Burbank’, was determined ...
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Enhancing phosphorus phytoremedation potential of two warm-season perennial grasses with nitrogen fertilization
Phytoremediation or use of plants to extract soil nutrients is a practice used to ameliorate the impacts of excessive soil nutrients. Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) and ‘Floralta’ limpograss [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb] were grown in a P-impacted Immokalee fine sand (Mehlich-1 P 30 mg P kg–1) to evaluate increasing N levels on dry matter yield (DMY), forage P ...
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Nitrogen fixation of Sulla under Mediterranean conditions
Sulla coronaria (L.) B.H. Choi & H. Ohashi (=Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a Mediterranean forage legume grown extensively in rainfed Italian environments. Here we report the field quantification of its seasonal and annual N fixation, using the 15N isotopic dilution (ID) method, the influence of various nonfixing reference species on these estimates, and the allocation of fixed N between the ...
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Modeling tiller density, growth, and yield of mediterranean perennial grasslands with STICS
A generic crop model (STICS) was adapted (STICS–Grassland) to model growth, yield, and environmental impacts of grasslands in France. It is a semimechanistic model combining equations of physiological processes and mathematical relationships between processes in a daily time step. The Information et Suivi Objectif des Prairies (ISOP; Grassland Information and Objective Survey) application was ...
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Water use by five warm-season legumes in the southern great plains
Growing warm-season legumes during fallow periods associated with traditional continuous systems of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains (SGP) can provide supplemental forage, biological N, and protection from soil erosion, provided the legumes can tolerate drought stress and not deplete the available water in the soil profile. Our objective was to quantify water use ...
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Water deficit, heat tolerance, and persistence of summer-dormant grasses in the U.S. southern plains
Summer-dormant cool-season grasses are being used in the Southern Plains of the United States in place of traditional summer-active cultivars for high-quality winter forage. One reason for this is the ability of cultivars with summer dormancy traits to tolerate increasing annual temperature, decreasing precipitation, and repeated severe summer droughts. Research on adaptation of these grasses and ...
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Current and potential development of perennial grasses in rainfed mediterranean farming systems
Past and recent development of perennial grasses in the rainfed Euro-Mediterranean region is reviewed concerning climatic constraints and main types of farming systems. The few Mediterranean cultivars that are registered and available are used for livestock production and cover crops only in subtemperate areas. These cultivars are adapted where annual rainfall exceeds 500 mm and accumulated water ...
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Fitting germplasm types of tall fescue and orchardgrass to different cropping environments of the mediterranean region
Understanding of adaptation targets, selection environments, genetic resources, and plant types is required in breeding tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbysh.] and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) for Mediterranean environments prone to drought stress. Fourth-year forage yield of seven orchardgrass and five fescue cultivars grown in Algeria and Sardinia revealed (i) ...
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Summer drought survival strategies and sustainability of perennial temperate forage grasses in mediterranean areas
Perennial grasslands provide numerous agroenvironmental benefits due to continuous soil cover. In Mediterranean areas, chronic summer drought is expected to increase as a result of climate changes. Plant adaptations that protect meristematic tissues include dehydration delay, dehydration tolerance, and summer dormancy. Summer dormancy can only be reliably tested in plants not subjected to water ...
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Our global Ponzi economy
Our mismanaged world economy today has many of the characteristics of a Ponzi scheme. A Ponzi scheme takes payments from a broad base of investors and uses these to pay off returns. It creates the illusion that it is providing a highly attractive rate of return on investment as a result of savvy investment decisions when in fact these irresistibly high earnings are in part the result of consuming ...
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Potential for delayed orchardgrass seeding during glyphosate-resistant alfalfa establishment
Few herbicides are labeled for weed control when establishing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-grass mixtures. Varying the planting date of the grass in relation to alfalfa and adjusting herbicide application timing could improve weed control and forage grass safety. The research objective was to evaluate the use of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] for weed control in seedling ...
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High yielding organic crop management decreases plant-available but not recalcitrant soil phosphorus
Phosphorus is a nonrenewable resource, raising concerns that agricultural practices may deplete reserves. Organic farming with low P inputs can result in deficient levels of plant-available phosphorus (available-P). The purpose of this study was to determine if common organically managed rotations are depleting P reserves or if large reserves still exist in unavailable forms. The research was ...
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Cattle manure application strategies effects on bahiagrass yield, nutritive value, and phosphorus recovery
Animal manure application based on crop N requirements often leaves excess P in the soil because of the differences in the N/P ratio in manures and that required by the plants. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of cattle (Bos taurus) manure applied alone or in combination with ammonium nitrate (AN) on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value, ...
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No persistent changes in pasture vegetation or seed bank composition after fallowing
The practice of fallowing pastures during the growing season is intended to increase plant diversity and allow natural reseeding of forage grasses. Fallowing delivers these benefits in New Zealand, but has been adopted on rotationally stocked farms in the northeastern United States with little or no quantitative assessment. Allowing the pasture to remain ungrazed may allow weedy species to ...
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Nitrogen fertilization effect on phosphorus remediation potential of three perennial warm-season forages
Warm-season C4 grasses are capable of removing excess soil nutrients because of their high yield potential and nutrient uptake efficiency. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge), limpograss [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & Hubb], and stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst), three commonly used pasture grasses in South-Central Florida, were grown to examine the effect of increasing N ...
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Maximizing Timothy forage yield and quality by balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur fertilization
A 3-yr (2005–2007) field experiment was conducted on a Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) loam near Star City, SK, Canada, to determine the influence of single and combined annual applications of N, P, and S fertilizers on timothy (Phleum pratense L.) forage dry matter yield (DMY), quality [concentration of crude protein (CP), nitrate N, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ...
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Yield and plant growth response of peanut to midseason forage harvest
Harvesting of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) foliage during the growing season may increase farm revenue through the sale of peanut hay; however, it is unknown how the peanut plant will respond to forage removal with respect to plant characteristics, pod yield, quality, and revenue. This experiment was a randomized complete block design where peanut foliage was harvested or sprayed with a plant ...
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