breeding genetic Articles
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Agricultural innovation and biotechnology development towards sustainable goals: can we make it more pro-poor?
Agriculture continues to change – driven by innovation and new technology. Genetics and breeding have revolutionised agricultural systems, and the 'Green Revolution', based on higher yielding varieties of dwarf wheat and rice, is arguably the greatest achievement in food crop development. Gene technologies now offer additional opportunities, where new traits improving crop protection ...
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Genome-wide reduction of genetic diversity in wheat breeding
Public concerns about crop uniformity introduced by modern plant breeding and genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses have been one of the major forces driving long-term efforts in plant germplasm conservation for future food security. However, such concerns have gained little empirical support, as recent molecular diversity analyses of improved crop gene pools did not reveal much ...
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Changes in genetic diversity of U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm over seven decades of cultivar development
Plant breeding methodologies have been applied to flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for approximately seven decades. As has been observed in several other crops, stringent quality requirements have resulted in use of conservative breeding strategies in the development of new cultivars. The impact of breeding practices on genetic diversity within U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm has not ...
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Assignment of individual genotypes to specific forage cultivars of perennial ryegrass based on ssr markers
Assignment or exclusion of an individual to specific populations or cultivars based on molecular genetic markers provides an attractive approach for varietal identification at the individual level in cross-pollinated plant species. The objectives of this study were (i) to explore the molecular diversity and relationships between Australasian perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) populations; ...
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Microsatellite-based analysis of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) genetic resources
Little is currently known about the genetic variation within diverse gene pools of cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Knowledge in this area could aid in future germplasm maintenance activities, provide additional information in the area of N. tabacum population genetics, and assist in selection of materials for breeding or genetic investigations. To this end, 702 N. tabacum accessions ...
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Characterization of resistance to fusarium head blight in an eastern U.S. soft red winter wheat population
Host resistance is important to control Fusarium head blight (FHB) ), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae (schw.) Petch], in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Effective breeding requires understanding the genetics of resistance in breeding populations. Our objective was to deduce the genetics of FHB resistance in eastern U.S. soft red winter wheat (SRWW) ...
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Effect of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain and phenotypic diversity in barley breeding germplasm
Plant breeding with elite parents within closed populations has proven to be a successful strategy to achieve genetic gains and conserve favorable gene complexes. To investigate the effects of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain, phenotypic variation, and germplasm differentiation, 15 agronomic and malting quality traits were evaluated for a set 98 genotypes including ancestors, parental ...
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AFLP discrimination of native north American and cultivated hop
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is cultivated for the female flowers, or 'cones,' which traditionally have been used as a bittering and flavoring agent in beer. Hop breeding historically relied on relatively simple selection techniques within established breeding lines. Supplementing current breeding material with new genetic sources would enhance a hop breeder's ability to select for new traits. The ...
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Genetic variability of seed sugar content in worldwide soybean germplasm collections
Soluble sugar is an important quality trait in food-grade soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Desirable sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose can help improve the taste and flavor of soyfood including tofu, soymilk, and natto; whereas oligosaccharides including raffinose and stachyose are indigestible by humans and animals and often cause flatulence or diarrhea. In this study, 241 plant ...
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Identification and mapping of new sources of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in maize
Maize (Zea mays L.) susceptibility to ear rot and aflatoxin accumulation by Aspergillus flavus (Link:Fr) has caused significant economic losses for farmers in the U.S. over the past 30 years. Aflatoxin outbreaks are generally associated with high temperatures and low moisture levels common to the southern U.S. To identify aflatoxin accumulation resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) and linked ...
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The Science of Genetics & Its Application to Aquaculture
Genetics is defined as that branch of the biological sciences devoted to the study of inherited variation. Genetics investigations deal with the “why” and “how” of this variation, examining both the origin of inherited variability and the resulting outward expression of characters due to this variability. The applications of genetics in today’s society are far ...
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DNA polymorphisms of genes involved in fiber development in a selected set of cultivated tetraploid cotton
The lack of genetic diversity within cultivated upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has hindered the construction of genomewide linkage maps and their applications in genetics and breeding. The objective of this investigation was to develop candidate gene markers for fiber quality and yield on the basis of approximately 90 genes implicated in fiber development. Polymorphisms using ...
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Application of Agricultural Biotechnology for High Nutritious Food Products
Abstract Agricultural biotechnology has some controversy impacts on global economy and international regulations. But, it has enhanced the production of crops and foods with high nutritious. Some time, it has not secured human and environmental safety, intellectual property rights, consumer choice, ethics, food security, poverty reduction and environmental conservation. Even though, it has ...
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Researchers Analyze Rapeseed Thioglycoside Transport Mechanism to Assist High-quality Breeding
Recently, Liu Shengyi, a researcher at the Institute of Oil Materials, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Yang Qingyong, a professor at the School of Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, collaborated to develop a new idea/method for the functional identification of multi-copy genes, and based on this identification, the important transporter BnaA06. GTR2 of glucosinolates in ...
By Lifeasible
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Ancient roots of wheat virus resistance
The DNA sequence of a gene responsible for resistance to a devastating virus in wheat has been discovered, providing important clues for managing more resistant crops and maintaining a healthy food supply. Wheat crops in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Africa are regularly damaged by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), and there is a high demand for wheat varieties or cultivars that are resistant ...
By Lifeasible
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Plants Activate `Wartime` Protein Production to Fight Invasion
Plants are constantly attacked by bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. When a plant senses a microbial invasion, fundamental changes occur in the chemical soup of proteins inside its cells, the workhorses of life. In a new study published in Cell, Duke University researchers have uncovered a key ingredient in plant cells that reprograms their protein-making machinery to fight disease. Crop ...
By Lifeasible
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Ground-Truth Data ‘Absolutely’ Adds Value to Top-Shelf Cannabis
Esensia’s craft cannabis operation uses senses and sensors to navigate an industry sea change, while staying true to its roots. With all the new cannabis legalization bills churning their way through state legislatures, it’s an exciting time to be a cannabis grower in America. Arable caught up with Ben Blake and Marley Lovell, the founders of Esensia, a close-to-the-land, ...
By Arable
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Diversity and mega-targets of selection from the characterization of a barley collection
Germplasm exchange is essential for assuring genetic gain in a breeding program. Two aspects of breeding programs are relevant to making them compatible for germplasm exchange: the amount of genetic diversity within programs and the identification of breeding programs with similar breeding objectives and environments of selection (i.e., mega-targets of selection). The objective of this study was ...
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THP9 Can Improve Protein Content and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Maize Seeds
Teosinte is a wild ancestor of maize, and its seed protein content is three times that of most modern maize lines. In a new study, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Normal University tracked the mechanisms responsible for the decline in seed protein content in maize hybrids and inbred strains. Their findings open new avenues for maximizing seed protein content and ...
By Lifeasible
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Transgenic breeding: Perspectives and prospects
Transgenic technology serves to introduce gene sequences for expression of a desired trait. Production of transgenic plants is reported in many crops, but commercialization is limited to a few selected crops, such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.). This paper presents the sequential processes of ...
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