breeding program Articles
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Diversity and mega-targets of selection from the characterization of a barley collection
Germplasm exchange is essential for assuring genetic gain in a breeding program. Two aspects of breeding programs are relevant to making them compatible for germplasm exchange: the amount of genetic diversity within programs and the identification of breeding programs with similar breeding objectives and environments of selection (i.e., mega-targets of selection). The objective of this study was ...
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Validation of molecular markers associated with net blotch resistance and their utilization in barley breeding
With the advancement of molecular marker technology and computer software, mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for complex traits in agricultural crops is frequent; however, exploitation of these QTL in practical breeding programs is limited. Here we report the validation of molecular markers linked to net blotch resistance QTL and their utilization in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding ...
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Effect of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain and phenotypic diversity in barley breeding germplasm
Plant breeding with elite parents within closed populations has proven to be a successful strategy to achieve genetic gains and conserve favorable gene complexes. To investigate the effects of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain, phenotypic variation, and germplasm differentiation, 15 agronomic and malting quality traits were evaluated for a set 98 genotypes including ancestors, parental ...
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Mining and harnessing natural variation: A little magic
The success of a breeding program depends on having adequate diversity in the germplasm. However, as advanced breeding stocks and materials are generated, one casualty is the diversity itself. As a result, breeding programs in many crop species have reached a point of diminishing returns and it is feared that unless new diversity is infused into the breeding germplasm, we face catastrophic ...
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Combining ability, genetic distances, and heterosis among elite CIMMYT and IITA tropical maize inbred lines
Maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs are increasingly using molecular tools to enhance the efficiency and speed of developing productive cultivars. As a preliminary step toward using each other's germplasm, 20 elite inbred lines, 10 each from CIMMYT and IITA, were crossed according to a modified North Carolina Design II and were genotyped using 62 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The design ...
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Mega-Environment identification for barley based on twenty-seven years of global grain yield data
Knowledge of target environments in breeding programs is important to better direct the development of germplasm. The objectives of this study were to identify associations among barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing environments to identify mega-environments to select the best locations to breed barley. Twenty-seven years of grain yield data from the International Barley Yield Trial (IBYT) ...
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AFLP discrimination of native north American and cultivated hop
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is cultivated for the female flowers, or 'cones,' which traditionally have been used as a bittering and flavoring agent in beer. Hop breeding historically relied on relatively simple selection techniques within established breeding lines. Supplementing current breeding material with new genetic sources would enhance a hop breeder's ability to select for new traits. The ...
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Combining ability for fiber length in near-long-staple upland cotton
Fiber length is one of the most important properties of cotton fibers, with longer fibers allowing for faster processing speeds and a wider array of end products. Four elite, near-long-staple upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes with diverse programmatic origins, TAM 94L-25, Fibermax 832, TTU 202, and Acala 1517-99, and one short-staple genotype, Tamcot CAMD-E, were crossed and ...
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Validation and interaction of the soybean mosaic virus lethal necrosis allele, Rsv1-n, in PI 507389
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the causal agent of a commonly occurring disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that can be effectively controlled through the deployment of single, dominant genes known as Rsv genes, which confer resistance to different strains of SMV. The Rsv1-n allele in PI 507389 conditions a lethal necrosis (LN) reaction on inoculation with specific SMV strains, including ...
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Water deficit, heat tolerance, and persistence of summer-dormant grasses in the U.S. southern plains
Summer-dormant cool-season grasses are being used in the Southern Plains of the United States in place of traditional summer-active cultivars for high-quality winter forage. One reason for this is the ability of cultivars with summer dormancy traits to tolerate increasing annual temperature, decreasing precipitation, and repeated severe summer droughts. Research on adaptation of these grasses and ...
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Molecular mapping of wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr42
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is an important foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Leaf rust resistance gene Lr42 from Aegilops tauschii Coss. has been used as a source of rust resistance in breeding programs. To identify molecular markers closely linked to Lr42, a segregating population of near-isogenic lines contrasting for the presence of Lr42 was ...
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Analysis of Genotype X environment interactions for grain yield in durum wheat
Genotype x environment (GE) interactions are important sources of variation in crop breeding programs. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze GE interactions on grain yield of one bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 19 durum wheat [T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] genotypes by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, and (ii) to evaluate ...
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Ancestral landraces of common bean from the South of Europe and their agronomical value for breeding programs
Selection among breeding lines has been widely used to identify important cultivars and favorable alleles for adaptation, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. The objective of this work was to study the variability among common bean breeding lines selected from ancestral landraces, to evaluate the reaction of these lines to anthracnose (ANT) rust, common bacterial blight (CBB), halo ...
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Mapping of quantitative trait loci using a doubled-haploid population from the cross of indica and japonica cultivars of rice
Improving the cooking and eating quality of grain has always been an important consideration in most rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding programs. In this study, an established rice doubled-haploid (DH) population consisting of 219 lines from anther culture of the F1 of indica variety PSB Rc10 and japonica variety Nipponbare was used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for amylose content ...
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The utility of molecular markers for Barley net blotch resistance across geographic regions
Molecular marker technology shows potential to select and combine favorable alleles via genotypic selection and can be used to develop improved crop cultivars with considerable resource savings. In the present investigation, the utility of molecular markers for net blotch resistance identified in Australian breeding material was investigated for Canadian breeding material. Screening 42 Canadian, ...
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Mapping and comparison of quantitative trait loci for oleic acid seed content in two segregating soybean populations
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] produces 29.4% of the world's edible vegetable oil. An important determinant of the nutritional value and the oxidative stability of soybean oil is the oleic acid content. Elevation of the oleate content levels leads to the improvement of soybean oil quality. However, our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying oleate variation in soybean seeds remains ...
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Combining ability and heterosis for forage yield among elite alfalfa core collection accessions with different fall dormancy responses
Understanding genetic parameters of populations that are being considered for inclusion into plant-breeding programs provides critical knowledge to enhance economic traits of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic parameters influencing forage yield for nine populations selected from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) core collection ...
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Genetic variation within and among wildrye (Elymus canadensis and E. Virginicus) populations from the Southern Great Plains
There is interest in Canada wildrye (CWR, Elymus canadensis L.) and Virginia wildrye (VWR, E. virginicus L.) for conservation and forage uses. Our objectives were to identify a set of molecular markers to assess genetic structure within and diversity among populations of CWR and VWR from the Southern Great Plains and to determine if these populations had an associated fungal endophyte. Nine CWR ...
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Transgenic breeding: Perspectives and prospects
Transgenic technology serves to introduce gene sequences for expression of a desired trait. Production of transgenic plants is reported in many crops, but commercialization is limited to a few selected crops, such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.). This paper presents the sequential processes of ...
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Genetic diversity in a soybean collection
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was domesticated in China, and cultivated landraces were initially distributed throughout Asia and more recently extended to Europe and America. Previous studies of genetic diversity suggest a strong genetic bottleneck between Asian and North American soybean genetic pools. However, little is known about the potentially useful genetic diversity present in European ...
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