plant breeding Articles
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Genome-wide reduction of genetic diversity in wheat breeding
Public concerns about crop uniformity introduced by modern plant breeding and genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses have been one of the major forces driving long-term efforts in plant germplasm conservation for future food security. However, such concerns have gained little empirical support, as recent molecular diversity analyses of improved crop gene pools did not reveal much ...
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New Method Provides Vital Information for Plant Breeding
Plants exhibit enormous variation in traits relevant to breeding, such as plant height, yield, and resistance to insect pests. One of the greatest challenges in modern plant research is determining which differences in genetic information cause such changes. Recently, researchers at the University of Düsseldorf in Germany and the Carnegie Institution of Science in the United States have ...
By Lifeasible
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Changes in genetic diversity of U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm over seven decades of cultivar development
Plant breeding methodologies have been applied to flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for approximately seven decades. As has been observed in several other crops, stringent quality requirements have resulted in use of conservative breeding strategies in the development of new cultivars. The impact of breeding practices on genetic diversity within U.S. flue-cured tobacco germplasm has not ...
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Transgenic breeding: Perspectives and prospects
Transgenic technology serves to introduce gene sequences for expression of a desired trait. Production of transgenic plants is reported in many crops, but commercialization is limited to a few selected crops, such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.). This paper presents the sequential processes of ...
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Combining ability and heterosis for forage yield among elite alfalfa core collection accessions with different fall dormancy responses
Understanding genetic parameters of populations that are being considered for inclusion into plant-breeding programs provides critical knowledge to enhance economic traits of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic parameters influencing forage yield for nine populations selected from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) core collection ...
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Effect of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain and phenotypic diversity in barley breeding germplasm
Plant breeding with elite parents within closed populations has proven to be a successful strategy to achieve genetic gains and conserve favorable gene complexes. To investigate the effects of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain, phenotypic variation, and germplasm differentiation, 15 agronomic and malting quality traits were evaluated for a set 98 genotypes including ancestors, parental ...
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Forty-eight years of rice improvement in Texas since the release of cultivar bluebonnet in 1944
Information on the contribution of plant breeding to changes in yields and other agronomic traits is useful for optimizing selection gains; thus, this study aimed to determine the contribution of Texas rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding to changes in cultivars released during the 48 yr since the release of ‘Bluebonnet’ in 1944. Twenty-three cultivars were evaluated in three environments and two N ...
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A call to conserve crops’ wild cousins
Wild cousins aren’t always appreciated at family gatherings. But when it comes to crops, the opposite is often true: Plant breeding has historically relied on genes from plants growing in the wild as a source of diversity that can be introduced into crop plants to produce new crop varieties that are more resilient, nutritious and productive than those currently cultivated. As human ...
By Ensia
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Introducing Dr. Beatrice Amyotte, Small Fruit Germplasm Development Program
The berry breeding program at the Agriculture and AgriFood Canada (AAFC) Kentville Research and Development Centre in Kentville, Nova Scotia, is now the Small Fruit Germplasm Development Program. The new approach to plant breeding will allow the fruit industry to be more involved in the release of new Canadian varieties of strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and grapes that are developed ...
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Application of Agricultural Biotechnology for High Nutritious Food Products
Abstract Agricultural biotechnology has some controversy impacts on global economy and international regulations. But, it has enhanced the production of crops and foods with high nutritious. Some time, it has not secured human and environmental safety, intellectual property rights, consumer choice, ethics, food security, poverty reduction and environmental conservation. Even though, it has ...
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The Power of Cytokinin: Unlocking Nature's Secret to Plant Growth and Development
Introduction of Cytokinin Cytokinin is an organic compound that belongs to the cytokinin family. It is widely used in plant physiology and agriculture due to its beneficial effects on plant growth and yield. Cytokinin is a potent growth hormone and is commonly used in plant tissue culture, induction of cell division and shoot proliferation, plant regeneration, and in vitro production of plant ...
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Plants Activate `Wartime` Protein Production to Fight Invasion
Plants are constantly attacked by bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. When a plant senses a microbial invasion, fundamental changes occur in the chemical soup of proteins inside its cells, the workhorses of life. In a new study published in Cell, Duke University researchers have uncovered a key ingredient in plant cells that reprograms their protein-making machinery to fight disease. Crop ...
By Lifeasible
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Researchers Analyze Rapeseed Thioglycoside Transport Mechanism to Assist High-quality Breeding
Recently, Liu Shengyi, a researcher at the Institute of Oil Materials, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Yang Qingyong, a professor at the School of Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, collaborated to develop a new idea/method for the functional identification of multi-copy genes, and based on this identification, the important transporter BnaA06. GTR2 of glucosinolates in ...
By Lifeasible
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THP9 Can Improve Protein Content and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Maize Seeds
Teosinte is a wild ancestor of maize, and its seed protein content is three times that of most modern maize lines. In a new study, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Normal University tracked the mechanisms responsible for the decline in seed protein content in maize hybrids and inbred strains. Their findings open new avenues for maximizing seed protein content and ...
By Lifeasible
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New strategy of "two in one" rapid breeding
Xu Cao's research group from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences published a paper titled “A two-in-one breeding strategy boosts rapid utilization of wild species and elite cultivars” online in Plant Biotechnology. This study reports a new "two-in-one" rapid breeding strategy, which combines the new de novo domestication breeding method and ...
By Lifeasible
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Sustainable agriculture and sustainability of Indian agriculture in the context of globalisation
There is a growing realisation of the importance of sustainable agriculture across the globe. This awareness has become the main focus of global debate as a result of degradation of natural resources and environment. There is a growing demand for eco-friendly agricultural commodities in the international market. Here an attempt is made to examine the context and meaning of the term ...
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Crop gene banks are preserving the future of agriculture. But who’s preserving them?
As climate change makes crop diversity even more important, gene banks struggle to stay afloat. During the past few years of civil war in Syria, rebel fighters have destroyed Shia mosques and Christian graves, and burned and looted Christian churches while the Islamic State group has demolished priceless artifacts in the region. Nothing seemed sacred to the disparate groups vying for control of ...
By Ensia
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Ancient roots of wheat virus resistance
The DNA sequence of a gene responsible for resistance to a devastating virus in wheat has been discovered, providing important clues for managing more resistant crops and maintaining a healthy food supply. Wheat crops in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Africa are regularly damaged by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), and there is a high demand for wheat varieties or cultivars that are resistant ...
By Lifeasible
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Plant Phenotyping in the Americas, One Year Later
Approximately a year ago, I entered the plant phenotyping arena and in my first blog for our company posed the following ...
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Indoor agriculture - Can it feed the world?
The future of agriculture is ever-changing… And in the bid to feed the world by 2050 there are a number of key challenges, but also exciting opportunities. With an ever-rising global population, climate change, food security and working out how to produce enough nutrient-dense food for the masses are high priorities for the agriculture sector. These colossal world issues present many ...
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