Major transport mechanisms of pyrethroids in residential settings and effects of mitigation measures
The major pathways for transport of pyrethroids were determined in runoff studies conducted at a full scale test facility in central California. The six replicate house lots were typical of front lawns and house fronts of California residential developments and consisted of stucco walls, garage doors, driveways, and residential lawn irrigation sprinkler systems. Each of the six lots also included a rainfall simulator to generate artificial rainfall events. Different pyrethroids were applied to five surfaces‐driveway, garage door and adjacent walls, lawn, lawn perimeter (grass near the house walls), and house walls above grass. The volume of runoff water from each house lot was measured, sampled, and analyzed to determine the amount of pyrethroid mass lost from each surface. Applications to three of the house lots were made using the application practices typically used prior to recent label changes, while applications were made to the other three house lots according to the revised application procedures. Results from the house lots using the historic application procedures showed that losses of the compounds applied to the driveway and garage door (including the adjacent walls) were 99.75 percent of total measured runoff losses. The highest losses were associated with significant rainfall events rather than lawn irrigation events. However, runoff losses were 40 times less using the revised application procedures recently specified on pyrethroid labels. Environ Toxicol Chem © 2013 SETAC
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