Buggypower - Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Aquaculture
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Modern nutritional theory is focusing on the numerous health benefits of maintaining sufficient levels of fatty acids and in particular the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (i.e., C20 and C22) that belong to the omega (ω) 3 family. They are essential fatty acids for the development of marine organisms and important in a balanced human diet and as well have a number of neutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications ([1,2]). Eicosapentaenic acid (EPA, 20:5 ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω3) are the important ω3 PUFA,
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While arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 ω6), is a vital ω6 PUFA. EPA and DHA are important in treatment of arthrosclerosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and diseases of old age such as Alzheimer’s and age-related macular degeneration ([3,4]). AA and DHA are of special importance in the brain and blood vessels, and are considered essential for pre- and post-natal brain and retinal development ([5]). The eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins, prostacyclins and leukotrienes, derived from ω3 PUFA are also important in new-born and infant development, modulatory vascular resistance and wound healing ([4,6]). The principal dietary source of DHA and EPA is marine fish ([7,8]). Fish oils are still the least expensive natural source of these PUFA, and several industries (e.g., Pronova Biocare, Sandefjord, Norway and Ocean Nutrition, Hallifax, Canada) now specialize in their production and purification.
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