Stemicol - Plant Vaccines
From Plant Vaccines
The active ingredient is composed of chitooligosaccharides, which are fractions of molecules derived from chitin with a specific chain length. When chitooligosaccharides are recognised by the receptor proteins of a plant, its innate immune response is activated. This favours local and systemic biochemical processes that improve the overall state of the crop, thus optimising development and growth processes, which leads to an increased yield and higher quality of the production. Chitooligosaccharides are substances that are widely present in nature. They have no toxic effects, are totally biodegradable and do not affect the beneficial fauna.
Products Details
Not all chitosans or oligosaccharides derived from chitin activate the defence response of plants. Not all chitooligosaccharides derived from chitin are active. The chain of oligosaccharides acts in the same way as a key, and as such, it only fits specific locks, which can be only recognised by specific proteins (CERK1) of the plant.
It is scientifically proven that the chitooligosaccharides that are recognised by receptors, and are therefore able to activate a response, have a degree of polymerisation comprised between 5 and 14. Out of this range, the induction of defence responses in the plant is very poor or even non-existent.
The chitooligosaccharides contained in stemicol® have a molecular weight below 3000 Dalton and a degree of polymerisation between 5 and 18 monomer units, which guarantees a good activation of the defence responses.
The recognition of chitooligosaccharides activates several molecular and physiological changes.
A few seconds or minutes after chitooligosaccharides are recognised by the receptor, the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ increases and MAPK proteins that phosphorylate target proteins are activated. These target proteins include transcription factors that regulate the expression of WRKY33 defence genes.
These transcriptional and biochemical changes result in the strengthening of the plant cell wall, thanks to the deposit of structural substances such as callose or lignin, as well as in the production of secondary metabolites with important functions for the development of the plant.
Analysis of the expression of the WRKY33 geneAnalysis of the expression of the WRKY33 defence gene in wild plants and mutants in the chitin receptor (CERK1) after treatment with stemicol at doses of 1500 and 5000 μg/ml.
Horticultural crops (Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae), strawberries, lettuce, endive, spinach, onions, garlic, leek, celery, broccoli, potatoes and aromatic plants
- Foliar dose: 250 grams per 100 litres of water.
- Dose via irrigation: 2-2.5 kg/ha
- Apply every 15-20 days throughout the crop cycle, with the first application in seedbeds or at the time of transplant.
Stone- and pip-fruit trees, vine and table grapes
- 4 foliar applications at a dose of 2-3 kg/ha throughout the crop cycle.
Citrus trees
- Foliar dose: 200-250 grams per 100 litres of water. Between 6 and 8 applications from May to November.
Benefits
Improves the overall state of the plant.
Increases the plant's vigour and strength, which results in a greater crop yield and higher-quality harvest.
Allows the use of chemical plant protection products to be reduced, thus obtaining production free from residues that is easier to sell, and achieving, as a result, a higher profitability.
The substances it contains are natural and non-toxic; they do not leave any residues, are totally biodegradable and do not affect the beneficial fauna.
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