Krill as a Source of Natural Carotenoids - Case Study
Krill is a source of natural carotenoids. Over 95% of the pigments present in krill are in the form of asthaxantin, which is the only type of pigment that fixes onto the flesh of salmon when krill is used in the diet and the flesh color is the same that it is found in wild salmon (Hue). Pigments in krill are esterified giving them more stability.
Asthaxantine is not only a pigment, but also functions as a photoprotector and antioxidant. Furthermore, it has been proved that asthaxantine has an effect in rates of growth and immunomodulation of both fish and shrimp. Finally, asthaxantine has been shown to positively influence survival rates in shrimp.
References:
Shrimp Nutrition & Disease: Role of Vitamins and asthaxantine. Kurmaly (1996). Roche Aquaculture Center Proceedings of Feed Ingredients Asia 1995. (Review)
Pigmentation of cultured yellow tail with krill oil Fujita et al. (1983). Bulletin of Japanese Soc. of Sci. Fisheries 49:1595-1600
Based on the popular Japanese belief that krill is a pigment source of yellow tail, the researchers studied the effect of krill oil (1000 ppm) on the pigmentation of yellow tail. In this species the typical flesh color (a green blue with a yellow line on the side) is given be different pigments (tunaxantin). The study proved that yellow tail transforms the asthaxantine in krill into tunaxatine.
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