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On-farm assessment of the amount and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on ammonia volatilization
Courtesy of Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is one of the main pathways through which applied N enters the environment undesirably. A seven site-year on-farm field experiment was performed for 3 yr at Ottawa, ON, and 2 yr at Guelph, ON, and Saint-Valentin, QC, Canada. Our objectives were to (i) quantify the flux and the amount of NH3 volatilization as affected by the rate and time of N fertilizer; (ii) assess the impact of rainfall and soil temperatures on NH3 volatilization; and (iii) determine the threshold level of N fertilizer at which large NH3 volatilization losses occur. Using the static chamber method, NH3 volatilization was monitored after preplant or sidedress N application. Rate of NH3 volatilization peaked at 3 to 7 d and then dropped sharply within next 7 d before leveling off in the following weeks. The amount of NH3 volatilization increased with increasing N levels applied preplant or sidedress at all site-years. Peak NH3 volatilization ranged from 40 to 8000 g N ha–1 d–1 after preplant fertilization and from about 100 to 2100 g N ha–1 d–1 after sidedress, resulting in NH3 losses of 0.1 to 47 kg N ha–1 and 0.6 to 20 kg N ha–1, respectively, equivalent to 0.1 to 38% and 0.3 to 13% of fertilizer-induced emission (FIE) within 28 d after preplant or sidedress N fertilization. Our data clearly indicate that sidedress applications enable reduction in N fertilizer for economic crop yields, and may reduce losses simply due to lower total N rates.
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