phenotype Articles
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Neutral phenotypes as network keystone species
The concept of network keystone species is proposed. A set of phenotypes constitute a network that acts as a functional keystone. When an ecosystem forms a large, complex network that changes temporally, it is generally difficult to tell which will become a keystone species. Based on simulations of abstract ecosystems, phenotypes were classified to show that neutral phenotypes, or slowly ...
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Hierarchical multiple-factor analysis for classifying genotypes based on phenotypic and genetic data
A numerical classification problem encountered by breeders and gene-bank curators is how to partition the original heterogeneous population of genotypes into non-overlapping homogeneous subpopulations. The measure of distance that may be defined depends on the type of variables measured (i.e., continuous and/or discrete). The key points are whether and how a distance may be defined using all ...
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Translation initiation factor 2 mutant alters start codon selection independent of Met-tRNA binding
Selection of the AUG start codon for translation in eukaryotes is governed by codon-anticodon interactions between the initiator Met-tRNAiMet and the mRNA. Translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) binds Met-tRNAiMet to the 40S ribosomal subunit, and previous studies identified Sui– mutations in eIF2 that enhanced initiation from a noncanonical UUG codon, presumably by impairing Met-tRNAiMet ...
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Genetic variability of a forage bermudagrass core collection
Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is an important warm-season forage grass for the South and may have value as a bioenergy feedstock. The objective of this study was to measure the genetic relatedness among entries of the Cynodon clonal forage bermudagrass core collection and seven commercial forage cultivars using plant phenotype and molecular marker data from amplified fragment length polymorphisms. ...
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Different genetic functions for the rpd3(l) and rpd3(s) complexes suggest competition between nua4 and rpd3(s)
Rpd3(L) and Rpd3(S) are distinct multisubunit complexes containing the Rpd3 histone deacetylase. Disruption of the GCN5 histone acetyltransferase gene shows a strong synthetic phenotype when combined with either an sds3 mutation affecting only the Rpd3(L) complex or an rco1 mutation affecting only Rpd3(S). However, these synthetic growth defects are not seen in a gcn5 sds3 rco1 triple mutant, ...
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Generation mean analysis of near-long-staple fiber length in TAM 94L-25 upland cotton
The U.S. traditionally markets upland cotton with a high volume instrument (HVI) upper-half mean length (UHML) of 27 mm (34 staple) although international trade requires a minimum of 27.8 mm (35 staple). Genotypes have been developed that exhibit UHML of approximately 30 mm (~38 staple) that are referred to as near-long-staple uplands (NLSU). The objective of this research was to determine gene ...
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Dispersed mutations in histone H3 that affect transcriptional repression and chromatin structure of the CHA1 promoter in saccharomyces cerevisiae
The histone H3 amino terminus, but not that of H4, is required to prevent the constitutively bound activator Cha4 from remodeling chromatin and activating transcription at the CHA1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we show that neither the modifiable lysine residues nor any specific region of the H3 tail is required for repression of CHA1. We then screened for histone H3 mutations that ...
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Developing a mini core collection of sorghum for diversified utilization of germplasm
The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm collection at the ICRISAT gene bank exceeds 37,000 accessions. A core collection of 2247 accessions was developed in 2001 to enable researchers to have access to a smaller set of germplasm. However, this core collection was found to be too large. To overcome this, a sorghum mini core (10% accessions of the core or 1% of the entire collection) ...
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Early growth of flint maize landraces under cool conditions
Cold stress is a major factor that limits the success of environmentally sound cultivation of maize in central and northern Europe. This study evaluated the early growth of seven groups of Swiss Flint maize landraces (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) of different geographic origin under controlled cool conditions by assessing shoot and root traits. Measurements of plants, subjected to a permanent cold ...
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HortControl 3.3 release – Max Height, Snapshot, Reprocessing & more
At Phenospex we are continuously working on improving our products. Today we are happy to announce a new HortControl release, which improves the usability and will increase your phenotyping productivity. Here is a short ...
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Identification of QTL for resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot in soybean plant introduction 194639
Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a difficult disease to manage, although some gains have been made through breeding for quantitative resistance. The objective of the present study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling partial resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot from the soybean plant introduction (PI) ...
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QTL mapping of dormancy in Barley using the Harrington/Morex and Chevron/Stander mapping populations
Grain dormancy in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is quantitatively inherited. Low levels of dormancy before harvest can lead to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in the field, which affects grain and malt quality. The objective of the present study was to determine the locations and effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling dormancy in two F1–derived doubled-haploid (DH) populations from the ...
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Genetic assessment of a mini-core subset developed from the USDA rice genebank
Development of core collections is an effective tool to extensively characterize large germplasm collections, and the use of a mini-core subsampling strategy further increases the effectiveness of genetic diversity analysis at detailed phenotype and molecular levels. We report the formation of a mini-core subset containing 217 entries derived from 1794 core entries representing the genetic ...
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Phenotypic diversity of panicle and nutritional traits of some widely cultivated indigenous deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of Dhemaji district, Assam (India)
Deepwater rice shows some morphological and nutritional peculiarities. To evaluate the phenotypic diversity in panicle and nutritional traits, ten widely cultivated indigenous deepwater rice cultivars (viz. Panikakuwa, Kakuwa, Miabao, Dalbao, Maguribao, Negheribao, Panidhan, Bhubao, Amana and Happybao) collected from different paddy growing fields of Dhemaji district, Assam, have been taken into ...
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Accumulation of soluble carbohydrates during seed development and maturation of low-raffinose, low-stachyose soybean
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds accumulate sucrose, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO), phytin, and small amounts of galactopinitols and fagopyritols during normal seed maturation. RFO and phytin are indigestible by non-ruminant animals and contribute to decreased feed efficiency, reduced mineral adsorption, and phosphorous pollution in manure. Low raffinose, stachyose, and phytin ...
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5 features to look for when selecting drone RGB sensors for phenotyping
Selecting a Drone to Meet Your phenotyping Needs: As drones have become better, less expensive, and easier to use, more researchers have been incorporating them into their trial assessment programs. The new generation of drones are bringing more capacity to assess new and previously inaccessible traits such as wheat head count, flower/fruit counting and classification, and phenological stage ...
By Hiphen
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Effect of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain and phenotypic diversity in barley breeding germplasm
Plant breeding with elite parents within closed populations has proven to be a successful strategy to achieve genetic gains and conserve favorable gene complexes. To investigate the effects of advanced cycle breeding on genetic gain, phenotypic variation, and germplasm differentiation, 15 agronomic and malting quality traits were evaluated for a set 98 genotypes including ancestors, parental ...
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Resistance to fusarium head blight and kernel damage in a winter wheat recombinant inbred line population
Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch], is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing low yields and poor quality kernels that may be contaminated by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The objective of this study was to examine kernel damage resistance and to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) ...
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Genomewide selection for rapid introgression of exotic germplasm in maize
The length of time needed for prebreeding in adapted x exotic maize (Zea mays L.) crosses has deterred breeders from exploiting exotic germplasm. My objective in this study was to determine, by simulation, the usefulness of genomewide selection for the rapid improvement of an adapted x exotic cross. I simulated F2, BC1, and BC2 populations from an adapted x exotic maize cross. The adapted inbred ...
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Breeding summer-dormant grasses for the United States
Summer dormancy can lead to increased drought tolerance and persistence in cool-season grasses. Here we describe efforts to develop summer-dormant cultivars in the United States. Summer-dormant grasses are generally well adapted to the Southern Plains but have poor persistence as well as low productivity east and north of this region because of limited winter hardiness and other factors. This ...
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