Nile Tilapia Farming Fish
Aquaculture is the practice of farming fish and the most widely farmed fish in Africa is nile tilapia – fresh water bream or Oreochromis Niloticus; it is a native species to Africa and therefore has no restrictions over breeding and production. Tilapia is a fast growing species with the ability to be harvested at 7 months at a harvest weight of 500 grams.
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Global demand for fish has been increasing due to changing consumer preferences and increasing health and environmental consciousness. To match demand, world supply of tilapia has climbed exponentially in the last few decades, accelerating from 400 000MT in 1990 to over 4.2 million tons in 2012 – the bulk of growth coming from Asia.
According to NEPAD, Africa has to increase aquaculture by 250% within a decade just to maintain the same rate of consumption, and that is not taking into account increased exports. This is due to overfishing/netting and the protein link between fish and primary agriculture. According to the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), current fish consumption per capita in Zimbabwe is at 1.5kg/ annum v. a regional per capita consumption of 4.5kgs. Fish consumption is a function of cuisine culture, cost effectiveness and its healthy long chain Omega 3 fatty acids, proteins, fat soluble vitamins and minerals like Iron, Calcium, Iodine Zinc and Selenium.
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